Shortly afterwards he resigned from the government in protest at the introduction of prescription charges for dental care and spectacles. Photo by Kaihsu Tai on 2005-07-07 Wikimedia Commons. Aneurin Nye Bevan (1897-1960) is widely regarded as one of the most influential left-wing politicians in British history. In parliament, he became a fierce critic of those who did not represent the interest of the working force including members of his party. The former aimed to provide a uniform standard of consultant led care and expertise throughout the country and to replace the patchwork of voluntary and municipal hospitals which existed at that point. History Hit brings you the stories that shaped the world through our award winning podcast network and an online history channel. In the speeches section, we will be building an archive of Bevans greatest oratory including archive recordings. Are we prepared to accept for ourselves the logic we are applying to Egypt? . Bevan was a great personal charm but was sometimes so rude to opponents that Churchill once called him a merchant of discourtesy. Who was Aneurin Bevan, when did he create the NHS and where - The Sun Aneurin Bevan - Wikipedia Image Credit: https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portraitLarge/mw58048/Aneurin-Bevan / Wikimedia Commons, The Road to the Crown - Elizabeth I's Coronation Procession, Built by a Giantess? By 19 he was active in trade unionism and was head of his local miners' lodge . Photo by Elliott & Fry Wikimedia Commons. Bevanism was opposed by the Gaitskellites, moderate social democrats within the party. On 5 July 1948, the government took over responsibility for all medical services and there was free diagnosis and treatment for all. Plaque, Aneurin Bevan memorial stones, Tredegar. Later today he will be taken home to Wales. [2] He was a member of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion and wrote his own poems, one of which won an inter-chapel eisteddfod. Aneurin Bevan was a British Labour Party politician who took up the portfolio of Health and Housing during Clement Attlee's government from 1945 to 1951. [136], In 2015, Welsh actor Michael Sheen gave a speech in which he described Bevan as a mythical creature, stating, "He had cast-iron integrity and a raging passion".[12]. Although the Italians were never sure the British delegation were sober, they always attributed to them an immense political acumen. He read Marxism at the college and was a brief follower of Noah Ablett,[11][12] developing his left-wing political outlook. Bevan had said "I would rather be kept alive in the efficient if cold altruism of a large hospital than expire in a gush of warm sympathy in a small one". Bevan died in his sleep at 4.10pm on 6 July 1960, at the age of 62, at his home, Asheridge Farm, Chesham, Buckinghamshire. He died on July 6, 1960, leaving a significant legacy, namely the National Health Service. Rediscovering Richard III with Matt Lewis, Rome and the Amalfi Coast with Tristan Hughes, Conservative Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, How Rome Became the Sole Superpower in the Mediterranean, Charles Martel: A Heroic Leader of Medieval Europe. [107] He instead stood again for the role of party treasurer and was duly elected, beating George Brown.[108]. His "vermin" speech still resonated: imagination shuddered at a repetition of that on the international stage. Bevan contested the leadership against both Morrison and Labour right-winger Gaitskell, but it was Gaitskell who emerged victorious with more than half of the ballots. Bevan was also limited due to his desire for new homes to be bigger and of better quality than the ones they were being built to replace, based on the recommendations of a 1943 report by the Dudley Committee, and a shortage of skilled workers to undertake the work. Bevanism - Wikipedia 2. Aneurin Bevan, Minister of Health, on the first day of the National Health Service, 5 July 1948 at Park Hospital, Davyhulme, near Manchester. [5] Bevan also joined the Tredegar branch of the South Wales Miners' Federation and became a trade union activist: he was head of his local Miners' Lodge at 19 years of age. [47] His fierce opposition made him unpopular with some portions of the public at the time, his wife later described how the couple would frequently receive parcels filled with excrement at their home.[48]. Pronunciation of Aneurin Bevan: Learn how to pronounce the word Aneurin Bevan.Definition and meaning can be found here: https://www.google.com/search?q=defin. [18], In 1928, Bevan won a seat on Monmouthshire County Council in the Tredegar Central Division. On the 'appointed day', 5 July 1948, Bevan's National Health Service Act 1946 came into force. This statement is often misconstrued: Bevan argued that unilateralism would result in Britain's loss of allies, and one interpretation of his metaphor is that nakedness would come from the lack of allies, not the lack of weapons. While this was not an insignificant achievement: the 850,000 homes built in the four years immediately after the war ended was the biggest housing programme ever introduced,[78] Bevan's rate of house-building was seen as less of an achievement than that of his Conservative (indirect) successor, Harold Macmillan, who was able to complete some 300,000 new homes a year as Minister for Housing in the 1950s. [128], Bevan was particularly noted for his public speaking, being described by Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell, as "the greatest parliamentary speaker since Charles James Fox". He had also seen disputes with some of Attlee's closest allies, Ernest Bevin and Herbert Morrison, who were appointed Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House respectively. The manager of the colliery found an excuse to get him dismissed. Aneurin Bevan. Aneurin Bevan. In 1934,Aneurin BevanmarriedSocialist MP, Jennie Lee. [Nye] was never a hypocrite. [54], He believed that the Second World War would give Britain the opportunity to create "a new society". Image Credit: http://www.cradleofnhs.org.uk/nye.htm / Wikimedia Commons. A free health service is pure Socialism and as such it is opposed to the hedonism of capitalist society. Like many other students of Bevans class, his formal education ended when he was 14 years of age when he began to work in the mines. At the start of World War Two the government realised that, if it was to cope with the huge number of anticipated . In 1951, Bevan was moved to become minister of labour. With less motivation for studies, he left school at age 13 to work at a local Ty- Trist Colliery. Bevan foresaw that it would always be the subject of public debate, warning that "This service must always be changing, growing and improving; it must always appear to be inadequate." This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aneurin-Bevan, British Broadcasting Corporation - Biography of Aneurin Bevan, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Aneurin Bevan. Aged 14, he left school to start working in the mines, starting at 5:30am each day and returning home late in the evening. He began attending fortnightly meetings of the local Plebs' League where he studied, among other things, Marxism. [75][79] Macmillan was also able to concentrate full-time on the housing crisis, instead of being obliged, like Bevan, to combine his housing portfolio with that for Health (which for Bevan took the higher priority: he once stated tongue-in-cheek that he devoted "five minutes a week to housing"). But seven decades after it was founded, a 2013 opinion poll conducted on behalf of British Future found that the NHS was more popular than at its creation, and more popular than the monarchy, the BBC, and the British Armed Forces. However, the. There was a particularly large increase in marginal tax rates for wealthy business owners. He is particularly noted for his tenure as Minister for Health in Clement Attlee's government, in which he pioneered the creation of the British National Health Service. After eighteen months of ongoing dispute between the Ministry of Health and the BMA, Bevan finally managed to win over the support of the vast majority of the medical profession by offering a couple of minor concessions, including allowing consultants to keep their own private practices and continuing to allow doctors to be paid in capitation fees rather than salaries,[66] but without compromising the fundamental principles of his National Health Service proposals. Bevan opposed the heavy censorship imposed on radio and newspapers and wartime Defence Regulation 18B, which gave the Home Secretary the powers to intern citizens. In its early stages this proved true, as the service went vastly over budget in its inaugural year, and Attlee was forced to make a radio address to the nation in an attempt to limit the strain on the system. However, by the end of his tenure, he had declared Bevan as "the best minister we have had". [102] In July of the same year, Bevan announced his intention to stand for election as the Treasurer of the Labour Party against Hugh Gaitskell. [60] Bevan tested this newfound solidarity early on by arriving to a royal banquet at St James's Palace wearing a navy lounge suit. [119] He checked into the Royal Free Hospital in London on 27 December 1959 to undergo surgery for an ulcer, but malignant stomach cancer was discovered instead in a major operation two days later. [67][65] Some 2,688 voluntary and municipal hospitals in England and Wales were nationalised and came under Bevan's supervisory control as Health Minister. Omissions? After Bevan left the Health ministry in 1951 he could never regain his level of success and feuded with fellow Labour leaders, using his strong political base as a weapon. Though described as an outstanding back-bench critic and an excellent debater, Bevan had long clashed with Attlee, even before being in his cabinet, because he thought he hadnt held the Tory party to account properly throughout World War Two. Tomorrow he will be cremated in keeping with his known views. How To Say Aneurin Bevan - YouTube In addition, he is known for his wider contribution to the founding of the British welfare state. He was cremated at Gwent Crematorium, Croesyceiliog. Happy travels! This is often quoted as "I stuffed their mouths with gold". Photo by Lesbardd Wikimedia Commons. [70][71] The aim was to create new homes and communities with a place for all sections of society: We should try to introduce in our modern villages and towns what was always the lovely feature of English and Welsh villages, where the doctor, the grocer, the butcher and the farm labourer all lived in the same street. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. His autobiography, In Place of Fear, appeared in 1952, Aneurin Bevan. Confrontation with the British Medical Association (BMA) was led by Charles Hill, who published a letter in the British Medical Journal describing Bevan as "a complete and uncontrolled dictator". Here you can learn about the life and work of Aneurin (Nye) Bevan (1897-1960), founder of Britain's National Health Service and one of the Labour movement's greatest orators and thinkers. In 1924, he found a job at the Bedwellty Colliery which would close down in just ten months. If we are going to appeal to force, if force is to be the arbiter to which we appeal, it would at least make common sense to try to make sure beforehand that we have got it, even if you accept that abysmal logic, that decadent point of view.We are in fact in the position today of having appealed to force in the case of a small nation, where if it is appealed to against us it will result in the destruction of Great Britain, not only as a nation, but as an island containing living men and women. [84][85] During his tenure, he helped to secure a deal for railwaymen which provided them with a significant pay increase. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Anenurin Bevan, Minister of Health, on the first day of the National Health Service, 5 July 1948 at Park Hospital, Davyhulme, near Manchester. There he earned around ten shillings per week with most going to his parents to help support the family. Photo by Jeremy Segrott from Cardiff, Wales, UK Wikimedia Commons. [95] According to The Times Literary Supplement, the book was a "dithyramb with meanderings into the many side-tracks of Mr Bevan's private and public experience". Members of the BMA had dubbed him the "Tito of Tonypandy". He was readmitted in November, the same year after he agreed to desist from involving himself in campaigns that opposed the declared policy of the Party. History Hit Launches on Comcasts Entertainment Platforms in the US. After the war, Bevan was chosen as the Minister of Health in Clement Attlee's new Labour government, becoming the youngest member of the cabinet at 47, with his remit also including housing. [106] Bevan's remark that "I know the right kind of political Leader for the Labour Party is a kind of desiccated calculating machine" was assumed to refer to Gaitskell, although Bevan denied it (commenting upon Gaitskell's record as Chancellor of the Exchequer as having "proved" this). The son of a miner, Bevan became a colliers helper at age 13 but had to leave the mines in a few years because of eye disease. [129], A bronze statue was commissioned by South Glamorgan County Council and erected in 1987 in the city centre of Cardiff. He often quoted an 1855 passage from Karl Marx that was published in The New York Times in 1865: "The redeeming feature of war is that it puts a nation to the test. [131], The Aneurin Bevan Memorial Stones were erected at the beginning of the Sirhowy Valley Walk with three smaller stones (representing three towns of his constituency Ebbw Vale, Rhymney and Tredegar) surrounding a larger stone representing Bevan. The facts, figures and quotes that shaped the history of the National Health Service . Bevanism was a movement on the left wing of the Labour Party in the late 1950s led by Aneurin Bevan which also included Richard Crossman, Michael Foot and Barbara Castle. With his activism and exuberance, his employer Tredegar Iron Company saw him as a troublesome person but he amazingly became a popular local speaker. [9][20] In keeping with his background, Bevan described his initial thoughts on the House of Commons as a shrine to "the most conservative of all religions ancestor worship". The manager of the colliery found an excuse to have him dismissed; however, with the support of the Miners Federation, Bevans case was judged to be one of victimisation and the company was forced to re-employ him. In 1929, Bevan was elected as the Labour member of parliament for Ebbw Vale. Aneurin Bevan and the setting up of the NHS - BBC Bitesize In 1987, a bronze statue of Bevan was erected in the city centre of Cardiff, while the Aneurin Bevan Memorial Stones were erected at the beginning of the Sirhowy Valley Walk with three smaller stones (representing three towns of his constituency Ebbw Vale, Rhymney and Tredegar) surrounding a larger stone, which represents Bevan. His National Health Service policy met great disapproval from the British Medical Association. "[83], Bevan was instead appointed Minister of Labour in January 1951 in place of George Isaacs. Aneurin Bevan Facts for Kids | KidzSearch.com Aneurin Bevan | Biography & Facts | Britannica Bevan argues that the percentage of tax from personal incomes rose from 9% in 1938 to 15% in 1949. Bevan called for the nationalisation of the coal industry and advocated the opening of a Second Front in Western Europe to help the Soviet Union in its fight with Germany. Raised in Monmouthshire by a Welsh working-class family, he was the son of a coal miner and left school at 14. [6] He worked at the butcher's for several months before leaving school, instead working in the local Ty-Trist Colliery. Throughout World War II he was a vigorous critic of Winston Churchills coalition government but was equally critical of his own party. Aneurin Bevan was born on November 15, 1897, in Tredegar in Wales. The Gaitskellites typically won most of the battles inside Parliament, but Bevanism was stronger among local Labour activists. His autobiography, In Place of Fear, appeared in 1952. Bevan left school at 13 and began working in a local colliery. Get out! [13], Bevan was one of the founding members of the "Query Club" with his brother Billy and Walter Conway. NHS: Tredegar building to tell story of Aneurin Bevan's inspiration This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. After two years at Central Labour College, London, he entered politics and in 1929 was elected to the House of Commons as Labour member from Ebbw Vale. [43] Bevan was relieved that the country had united against Nazi Germany in the fight against fascism to provide a common enemy away from the working class. [1] The town was situated in the South Wales Valleys and was on the northern edge of the South Wales coalfield. [120], After a lengthy period in hospital, on 14 February 1960 Bevan returned home and announced he would not be returning to politics in the near future, so as to be able to recuperate and plan an extended holiday. I. Bevan was as critical of Nasserist Egypt's seizure of the Suez Canal on 26 July 1956 as he was of the subsequent Anglo-French military response. Along that road is endless retreat, and at the end of it a voluntary totalitarian State with ourselves erecting the barbed wire around. [12] In Parliament, he became noticed as a harsh critic of those he felt opposed the working man and woman. [103] Although unsuccessful in his bid, he did celebrate 25 years as the MP for Ebbw Vale. By 1932, Mosley's New Party had migrated from the left over to the far-right of British politics and was rebranded as the British Union of Fascists. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. [42], In August 1939 came the MolotovRibbentrop Pact, a non-aggression pact between the Nazi and Soviet governments that shocked democratic governments around the world. A poll in 2013 conducted on behalf of British Future found that the NHS was more popular then than at its creation, and was more popular than the monarchy, BBC and British Armed Forces. Academically poor, young Bevan repeated a year of studies. Born into a working class family in Monmouthshire, Wales, Bevan worked in a coal mine as a teenager, and it was through a miners union that he first became interested in politics. [112] Speaking at the 1957 Labour Party conference, he decried unilateral nuclear disarmament, saying "It would send a British Foreign Secretary naked into the conference-chamber". He was not a cold-blooded rationalist. [45][by whom? He was no calculating machine. [1] The town was situated in the South Wales Valleys and was on the northern edge of the South Wales coalfield. On July 5 1948 the National Health Service took control of 480,000 hospital beds in England and Wales. An estimated 125,000 nurses and 5,000 consultants were available to care for hospital patients. In his 2014 biography, Nick Thomas-Symonds described "an outpouring of national mourning" that followed Bevan's death. Former Conservative Prime Minister Harold Macmillan ended his Prime Ministers Questions two days after Bevans death with a tribute to him, describing him as a great personality and a great national figure. His nomination received a severe blow on the same day it was announced, when two unions that traditionally sided with the left, the National Union of Mineworkers and the Amalgamated Engineering Union, pledged their support for his opponent. He joined the Labour Party and attended Central Labour College in London. In 1959, Bevan was elected deputy leader of the Labour Party, although he was already suffering from terminal cancer. Photo by Howard Coster - Wikimedia Commons, Portrait of Aneurin Bevan. The pair went to work at Whitworth Colliery, but fell foul of management when Bevan refused to use cheaper second-hand timber as he deemed it unsafe. Bevan believed that the key to the war was the involvement of Russia and considered Churchill was too focused on the intervention of the United States. [32][33] Bevan and another expelled MP, George Strauss, appealed against the decision. You can also find out more about the Bevan Society, our activities and programme of lectures. Bevan first worked as a miner during his teens where he became involved in local miner's union politics. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In 1934, he married fellow MP Jennie Lee, who was described as more left-wing than Nye. Whether you want to learn the history of a city, or you simply need a recommendation for your next meal, Discover Walks Team offers an ever-growing travel encyclopaedia. [125] Jennie Lee explained in a letter to Michael Foot that Bevan had specifically chosen to have a non-religious funeral and not a Christian service, because he was a firm humanist. [130] The Nye Bevan Estate in Clapton Park, Hackney, London, was named after Bevan, and was opened in October 1962 by his friend and biographer Michael Foot. Bevan shared a liberal ideology and was additionally a supporter of the Liberal party that had a change of ideology to socialism after reading Robert Blatchfords in the Clarion. Aneurin " Nye " Bevan PC (15 November 1897 - 6 July 1960) was a Welsh Labour politician. [113] According to the journalist Paul Routledge, Donald Bruce, a former MP and Parliamentary Private Secretary and adviser to Bevan, had told him that Bevan's shift on the disarmament issue was the result of discussions with the Soviet government, where they advised him to push for British retention of nuclear weapons so they could possibly be used as a bargaining chip in negotiations with the United States.[114]. [12] Churchill would later label Bevan "a squalid nuisance". [29][30] They were early supporters of the socialists in the Spanish Civil War, and Bevan visited the country in 1938. [11] Bevan remained at the college until 1921, attending at a time when a number of his contemporaries from South Wales, including Jim Griffiths, were also students at the college. Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says, "Bevan alone kept the flag of left-wing socialism aloft throughoutwhich gave him a matchless authority amongst the constituency parties and in party conference". His appointment came with great displeasure from political opponents and members of his party. [28], He married fellow Socialist MP Jennie Lee in 1934, after they met in London.
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