The climate is characterized by two distinct seasons: the dry season There are several references to Sierra Leone, and three short and partially inaccurate articles on page 622. A series of collections and surveys provided the basis for a detailed account of the distribution and ecological characteristics of the fish species assemblages in the rivers of Sierra Leone which comprises a central part of the Upper Guinean eco-region. It is the largest natural harbour in the African continent. Scanned by Google. ( Rainfall is greatest along the coast, especially in the Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 382. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511721892, Lowe-McConnell RH (1975) Fish communities in tropical freshwaters. Scanned by Google. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. climate; temperatures stay fairly constant throughout the year. Scanned by Google. The Banana Islands, the Turtle Islands, and Sherbro Island. [1] Sierra Leone's capital city of Freetown lies at the entrance to the Sierra Leone River, about 25 miles (40km) from the port of Pepel. . By Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1794. By Ralph Griffiths. Types of rivers and their characteristics. Characteristics, structure and resources of the sector Summary The shoreline of Sierra Leone is approximately 560 km long and includes the estuaries of three large rivernetworks (Scarcies, Sierra Leone and Sherbro) and four coastal islands. J Zool (Lond) 167:4195, Welcomme RL (1985) River fisheries. Gallinas and Sulima Rivers and the currents of these two rivers have formed a sand varies from 31/00 to 30/00 in the wet season. The Sierra Leone River Estuary regularly accommodates important populations of wintering birds of global significance such as Ringed and Kentish Plovers, Sanderlings and Curlew Sandpipers. Lists peoples of Sierra Leone from page 334. Scanned by Google. Finally, further inland, covering nearly the entire easter half of Sierra Leone is a plateau and mountain region. A Practical Medico-Historical Account of the Western Coast of Africa Embracing a Topographical Description of its Shores, Rivers, and Settlements With Their Seasons and Comparative Healthiness. Sherbro River: Sherbro River, which is bound on the East and North by the mainland, mountains, which receive more than 580 centimeters (230 inches) of https://doi.org/10.1641/B580507, Article The White Man's Grave: A Visit to Sierra Leone, in 1834, Volume I. They correspond almost totally to the baseflow of the rivers, and the permeability of the substratum is high. The area is known to be situated in the area of permanence of the Guinean waters. PDF THE SIERRA LEONE RIVER ESTUARY - WA BiCC Scanned by Google. Richards, Paul. Ernest Graham Ingraham, D.D. The soils of the mangrove were characterized particularly in terms of their chemical properties: Phosphorus, acidity, salinity and Sulphur status (Sylla, 1994).Because of the . Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors on Wednesday the 26th October, 1791. Sierra Leone Maps & Facts - World Atlas From the time of their arrival on the shores of Sierra Leone in 1460, and until their gradual decline as leaders in world exploration in the sixteenth century, the Portuguese had an ambiguous relationship with their African trading partners. [7] Geologically it is a tectonically controlled basin with formations of Precambrian, Infra-Cambrian and Pleistocene age. rainfall annually, compared to an average of approximately 315 A brief account of the characteristics of some of the Thomas Winterbottom M.D., Physician to the Colony of Sierra Leone, 1803. Vol I pp 457, Vol II pp 815, Payne AI (1975) The reproductive cycle, condition and feeding in Barbus liberiensis, a tropical stream-dwelling cyprinid. Scarcies Rivers: Great Scarcies (Kobuter River) is relatively narrow and its banks Scanned by Google. 958 kilometers (595 miles) total boundary length; Guinea 652 kilometers It is situated between the seventh and tenth parallels of latitude north of the equator. By James Boyle, M.C.S.L., 1831. 1830, includes information and correspondence on the Courts of Mixed Commission in Freetown. Scanned by Google. Hovercraft, or helicopter services are no longer running. (= 80F) with the range of 5.6C (42C). Hydrobiologia 35(3-4):568603. Includes several references to Sierra Leone, including the death of Prince Naimbonna (sic. topography of the coastal sector of Sierra Leone is shown in Figure 1. Scanned by Google. Nature (London) 192:7880. The Little Scarcies (Kaba River) has a large mud bank at its Rev Hydrobiol Trop 23:329350, Paugy D, Leveque C, Teugels GG (2003) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa. A. Ian Payne. mangrove during periods of non-deposition. The UN and Sierra Leone: An Enduring Relationship. Omissions? The surface layer is warm and its temperature is During the dry Fig. Some shifting openings in this barrier allow water from the Gallinas and Sulima to reach Pages in category "Rivers of Sierra Leone" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. The provinces are Eastern, Northern, North Western, and Southern. The narrowing of the estuary near Freetown has created a particularly strong tidal scour (up to six knots), which keeps the deepwater channel free from any large buildup of silt. The country owns several oceanic islands as well. This represents 16.4% of the annual exploitable surface runoff from rivers. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in J Zool Lond 180:455465, Payne AI (1978) Gut pH and digestive strategies in estuarine tilapia (Cichlidae) and grey mullet (Mugilidae). This book discusses the diversity and variability of freshwater ecosystems in tropical Africa, the role of fish biodiversity, and the threats to fish biodiversity. Article on Sierra Leone starts on page 238, 1788. about 100 km from the coastline, whereas in the southern part of the coast the same IUCN, London. Sierra Leone: Diamonds and the Struggle for Democracy. [3] The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101sqmi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. Institute pour Recherche pour la Devloppment, Paris, p 521, Loiselle PV (1979) A revision of the genus Hemichromis Peters 1858 (Teleostei: Cichlidae). intertidal flats. Recharge estimates from 16 109 m3 per annum to 37 109 m3 per annum have been suggested (South Africa, Department of Water Affairs 1986), but only a small portion of this can be recovered economically. There are several references to Sierra Leone, and three short and partially inaccurate articles on page 622. The environmental impacts on the downstream users and disposal of tailings from the mining operations have not been addressed. Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth, and Resources in Sierra Report by Her Majesty's Commissioner and Correspondence on the Subject of the Insurrection in the Sierra Leone Protectorate 1898. part of West Africa. narrower in the southern part of the coast. http://www.sierra-leone.org/index.html By James McQueen, 1825. Published in 1825. [3] The area is mainly mangrove swamps but also includes tidal freshwater swamp forests.[4]. temperatures for the period 195180 for Freetown, Lungi and Bonthe are given in of rolling terrain, which is 64 kilometers (40 miles) wide at certain The area is calledWestern AreaorFreetown Peninsula. Sierra Leone is divided into four provinces and one area. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 1. PDF copy. moderately elevated plateau interspersed with occasional hills and A History of the Colonization of Africa by Alien Races. The 2,950 square kilometres (1,140sqmi) of the Sierra Leone River estuary is classified as a wetland of international importance Ramsar Convention in the west of Sierra Leone. PhD Dissertation, CNAA, Coventry Polytechnic, UK, p 402, Moriarty DJW (1973) The physiology of digestion of blue-green algae in the cichlid fish Tilapia nilotica. Mol Phylogenet Evol 68:6480. (July 23, 2022). [6] rise to deposits of lignite. As observed on the physical map above, it has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. Freetown is located, and Yawri Bay, which is located in the center of The river separates Freetown, Sierra Leone's capital city, which is on the south side of the harbor, from the country's principal airport, Lungi International Airport, which is on the north side of the harbor in an area called the "Bullom Shore." A coastal swamp region that runs parallel to the Atlantic coast for around 320 km and comprises of a flat, frequently flooded plain with width ranging from 8 to 40 km. The mean annual temperature is 26.6C Published in 1788. centimeters (125 inches) in the rest of the country. https://doi.org/10.1038/192078b0, Mayland HJ (1995) Cichliden. . The heaviest rainfall occurs in points and reaches elevations between 152 and 304 meters (500 and 1,000 Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, Abell R, Michele LT, Rvavenga C, Bryer M, Kottelat M, Bogutskaya N, Coad B, Mandrak N, Barderas SD, Stiassny ML, Skelton P, Allen GR, Unmack P, Naseka A, Ng R, Sindorf N, Robertdon J, Armijo E, Hoggins JV, Heibel TJ, Wikramanyake E, Olson D, Lopez HL, Reis RE, Lundberg JG, Sabaj Perez MH, Petry P (2008) Freshwater ecoregions of the world: a new map of biogeographic units for freshwater biodiversity conservation. The Gallinas and Sulima Rivers: The strong surf around the estuaries of the Sierra Leone - Encyclopedia of the Nations By The Rev. is 68 meters (223 feet) high and supplies water to an area that includes Slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina, Sierra Leone, which is roughly circular in shape, is a compact country in the southwestern part of West Africa. Published in 1788. The city of Bonthe is located on this island. Environ Biol Fish 39:365380, Lelek A (1973) Sequence of changes in fish populations of the new tropical man-made lake, Kainji, Nigeria. American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., p 233, Book The topography and hydrographic regimes of the West African continental shelf affect Scanned by Google. 5. The Rokel/Seli River descends from the Guinea highlands and drains westward through Sierra Leone into the Atlantic Ocean. [8], The iron ore mining at Marampa is dependent on pumped water supply from the river. middle of the country. 3 CLIMATE The Debate on a Motion for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, &c. British Parliament, House of Commons, 1792. Sierra Leone exhibits a number of depositional and erosional features (that is, sandy Smallholder tobacco growing along the Rokel River has been successfully developed. The distribution of sciaenid community, estuarine sciaenid Rokel River (Seli River) The discrepancy in water resources between the north and south of the region is best illustrated by the mean annual runoff of the Zambezi River (Table 5.1), at 39 109 m3, an amount equivalent to more than 75% of the total runoff from all the rivers in the Republic of South Africa (51.5 109 m3 according to Hattingh 1981). 3.3 in Chapter 3 summarizes the rainfall of the region. - 54.36.126.202. span the northeastern part of the country. Bonthe are given in Appendix 2. As observed on the physical map above, it has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. The oceanographic factors affecting the hydrographic regime, the estuaries and The estuary is also important for shipping. (1990) which was somewhat extended and refined from taxonomic . This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Scanned by Google. Musee Roy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. reaches of estuaries. Includes notes on the history of the Vai people. The Mende, found in the east and south, and the Temne, found in the centre and northwest, form the two largest groups. Challenges of hepatitis B treatment in rural Sub-Saharan Africa Eucalyptus trees survive along the mostly dry river beds, fed by occasional downpours during the summer . 195180 was 122.7 in (311.6 cm). Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The Yalunka people established their capital, Falaba, near the source of the Rokel. with occasional thin beds of argillaceous limestone and calcareous grit and, also, seems Sierra Leone has four distinct physical regions. Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_5, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. The Colonial Controversy, containing a refutation of the calumnies of the Anticolonists; the state of Hayti, Sierra Leoneand the state of free and slave labourers in those countries. Scanned by Google. Steam sediment studies were carried out for assessing the mineral concentration of arsenic. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184576, Sayer JA, Harcourt CS, Collins NM (1992) The conservation atlas of tropical forests: Africa. The lake and fish: feeding habits. MSC theisis, Coventry Polytechnic, UK, p 209, Henderson HF, Welcomme RL (1974) The relationship of yield to morpho-edaphic index and numbers of fishermen in African inland fisheries. conditions and the fisheries of Sierra Leone. the extent of fishing activities is water movement. volume101,pages 843864 (2018)Cite this article. By James Stephen Esq. three largest and most important are Lake Sonfon, Lake Mabesi, and Lake Rokel in the central region. Global Resource Information Database and United Nations. . The New Annual Register, or General Repository of History, Politics and Literature for the Year 1794. Sea level, Hemispheres: (African Issues Series). 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The Underneath of Things: Violence, History, and the Everyday in The ECC and the cold CC contribute to the reflects a seaward advance of the shoreline (progradation) which begins with laminated Sierra Leone the continental shelf unshaded. (405 miles); Liberia 306 kilometers (190 miles), Coastline: The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water-limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and southern regions are more adequately provided for. for estuarine waters are 27.0C and 28.6C for the wet and dry season, respectively Hobson, 1902. The highest point in Sierra Leone, Mount Loma Mansa (Bintimani), rises continue to flow under the sea. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 4, MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris: pp 740, Dorward DC, Payne AI (1975) Deforestation, the decline of the horse and the spread of tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis (ngaana) in nineteenth century Sierra Leone. Several islands, including Tasso Island (the largest), Tombo Island, and the historically important Bunce Island, are located in the estuary.[2]. The sediments consist of a series of sands, clays and gravels Muse royal de L'Afrique central-Tervuren-Belgique-Annales-Serie in-8-sciences Zoologiques-no.
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