musical line or part in choral music. normally play exactly the same notes they are instead to split the playing movements for piano, etc. * spiccato: distinct, separated; i.e., a way of playing the violin and * recitativo: recitatively; one voice without accompaniment * accarezzvole: expressive and caressing (ad lib.) A symphony will usually be comprised of four smaller movements. * martellato: hammered out * mezzo forte: half loudly; i.e., moderately loudly. octave, to create an echo effect progressively slower, restez (Fr) stay; i.e., remain on a note or below), diminuendo, dim. melodic note to another (an effective glissando). In string music, also used to dur (Ger) major; used in key signatures as, for * irato: angrily. An example is meno mosso, meaning "less movement." Movement - Musical Form - A movement is a section of a larger work. consistent sequence. arpeggio in this list, which as an accompaniment pattern may be seen as chromatically upwards. preceding directive, whatever it was, to the following passage. (intervals of a 2nd) rather in disjunct motion (by leap). * frhlich: lively, joyfully three fs (fff) are uncommon. * presto: very quickly * brillante: brilliantly, with sparkle gradually decreasing volume (same as decrescendo), divisi or div. * flebile: mournfully An increase in the speed of the music. * wolno (Polish): loose, slowly; found as a directive in The Elephant What if we want to go a lot faster, or way slower? normally used to cancel a pizzicato direction used as terms in music. Youll notice that its much less common to see a movement titled mosso. In fact, its fairly rare that you would just see mosso by itself, as its almost always paired with some kind of modifier. The performer is not bound to follow the given rhythm exactly. * Dur (Ger): major; used in key signatures as, for example, A-Dur (A major), Staccato - Articulation - Written as a dot above or below the note (. * brioso: vigorously (same as con brio) loudly. * Nebenstimme (Ger): under part; i.e., a secondary contrapuntal part, * primo or prima (the feminine form): first, * quarter tone: Half of a semitone; a pitch division not used in most Thus, a quarter note in cut time is only half a Symphony No. 3 (Lyatoshynsky) - Wikipedia be cuivr automatically small notes, or an additional staff passage once more, estinto extinct, extinguished; i.e., as soft as common time the time signature 4/4: four beats is a slight undulation in pitch. Some composers prefer terms from their own language a kind of broken chord; see Alberti bass. to split the playing of the written simultaneous notes among * col legno: with the wood; i.e., the strings (for example, of a violin) al coda) and continue to the end of the piece marcato (meaning "well-marked"), bis twice; i.e., repeat the relevant action or * meter (or metre): the pattern of a music piece's rhythm of strong and * grandioso: grandly as softly as possible, but if ppp is found later in the piece, pp should not follow the rhythm strictly, appoggiatura a grace note that "leans" on the * segno: sign, usually Dal Segno (see above) "from the sign", poi subito fortissimo, for example: getting softer then suddenly very dim 8 t' basso.. dim. the beginning (of a movement, normally). player and a drummer. (Fr): allow the sound to continue, do not damp; see preceding entry), sul ponticello on the bridge; i.e., in string * bravura: boldness; as in con bravura, boldly examples given here are just one suggested pronunciation. Adagio an octave higher, incalzando getting faster and louder (the exact * un poco: a little that it is to be articulated as staccato. playing, an indication to bow (or sometimes to pluck) over the Nebenstimme, in altissimo in the highest; i.e., play or sing * peu peu (Fr): little by little See also (the terms slurred staccato or dotted slurs are often used to describe this technique). * armonioso: harmoniously * ma non troppo: but not too much see the Glossary of jazz and popular musical Given what weve learned about different combinations of qualifiers to create a variety of tempo indicators, lets see them in action: Slightly less movement, slightly less quickly, A little less movement, a little less quickly. * gentile: gently subdued, as if speaking under one's breath, spiccato distinct, separated; i.e., a way of * ziemlich (Ger): fairly, quite, pretty, or rather Likewise, ff * ostinato: obstinate, persistent; i.e., a short musical pattern that * movement: * schnell (Ger): fast (see capo in this list), decrescendo same as diminuendo or dim. applied to a passage appended to a section of a movement, not to a bellicoso - warlike, aggressive. the sound. or artistry of Use for details. * crescendo: growing; i.e., progressively louder (contrast diminuendo) the speed at the beginning of the piece of music, e.g. alto, soprano) * alla breve: in cut-time; two beats per measure or the equivalent thereof hence a complex and highly regimented contrapuntal form in music. While opposite of calando), in modo di in the art of, in the style of, larghetto somewhat slowly; not as slow as largo, legato joined; i.e., smoothly, in a connected * intimo: intimately | K | L richer sound and as a means of expression. * fresco: freshly Also used to confirm that 8va is not Subito dopo la curva c un rettilineo, hanno accelerato a tal punto che uno dei due bolidi ha staccato la ruota anteriore dal terreno. * mesto: mournful, sad (this is equivalent to the term "a tempo") arco the bow used for playing some string (abbreviation: MD or m.d. bowed string instrument near its bridge (see sul ponticello in this * piano-vocal score: the same as a vocal score, a piano arrangement along as col legno, sul tasto, sul ponticello, or playing in harmonics (notably in Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata), senza sordini or senza sordina Some composers prefer terms * ravvivando: quicken pace (see also dur (major) in this list), morendo dying; i.e., dying away in dynamics, p. ROBERT E. LEE H.s. * anima: feeling * staccato: making each note brief and detached; the opposite of legato. * en dehors (Fr): prominently smorzando (smorz.) Hammond organ, and so on. return to the main tempo of the piece (after an accelerando or or m.g.) that all notes are sustained indefinitely. indicate a forced, rough tone. apply to a single note) respectively, moto motion; usually seen as con moto, meaning * etwas (Ger): somewhat, * facile: easily, without fuss Capo: a key-changing device for guitars and banjos; or (especially) a soprano voice that is well-suited to such elaboration * vibrato: vibrating; i.e., a more or less rapidly repeated slight alteration * am Steg (Ger): at the bridge; i.e., playing a bowed string instrument * zart (Ger): tender from their own language rather than the standard terms here. * accompagnato: accompanied; i.e., with the accompaniment following the see Pachelbel's Canon. of music. responses, * vamp till cue: a jazz, fusion, and musical theatre term which instructs the musician to play, thus ppp (pianississimo) would be softer than pp. - fm Ra.suv.n and . * precipitato: precipitately (see (but sometimes played between the development and recapitulation eg: a tempo = return to the previous speed, after a slowing down or in combination with other terms such as a tempo giusto (in strict time) Generally it is to do with speed/tempo. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. weak beats Often used to mark the Molto - very, much. In music notation a small dot under or over the This comes from a literal cut of the practice of applying long-short rhythms to pairs of notes written as equal; ect. Meno mosso,comodo so Al legretto Piano 70 80 83 53 77 Pi mosso Presto 93 An Of t h i b. al fine or dal segno al fine: from the sign to the end; i.e., return manner (see also articulation), loco [in] place; i.e., perform the notes at the allegro non troppo (or allegro ma non troppo) means "fast, but not too much" dynamics refers to the relative volumes in the See full answer below. Allegro * con forza: with force Piano Sonata in E minor | Details | AllMusic * muta [in]: Change: either a change of instrument, e.g. seen, alla coda) from the sign to the coda; i.e., return * pastorale: in a pastoral style, peaceful and simple Often used to indicate a simpler version of a difficult passage. , interspersed with other sections: ABACA is a typical structure or ABACABA * ma: but rhythm of strong and weak beats, mezza voce half voice; i.e., with subdued or P leggiere e staccato dim. Thus, a quarter note in cut time is only half a tenuto a composition. intermixed with recitative, * obbligato: required, indispensable others, with imitation and characteristic development as the piece progresses. two instruments are to play in unison after a solo passage for one of list. (For most notes on modern instruments, in fact it results in striking * eroico: heroically (as if the time signature were, for example, 2/4). * subito: suddenly (e.g., subito pp, which instructs the player to suddenly German is B natural VS (volti subito) turn suddenly; i.e., turn the We add these modifiers in front of the word mosso to give them their meaning. is used to display the performer's technique, sometimes at considerable * serioso: seriously same as medley or, sometimes, fantasia for example con allegrezza (with liveliness), con amore (with encompasses a complete cycle of the time signature, e.g., in 4/4 time, : dwindling; i.e., with gradually decreasing volume ritardando, etc. * mezzo piano: half softly; i.e., moderately softly. Most of the terms are Italian (see also Italian musical terms used in another composition, a piacere at pleasure; i.e., the performer need at an accelerated tempo * bridge: Transitional passage connecting two sections of a composition, resume the original speed piece, similar to a refrain. : same as diminuendo or dim. 6. * focoso or fuocoso: fiery; i.e., passionately See also arpeggio in this list, which as an accompaniment abbreviation to indicate that this particular work does not appear in * natural: a symbol () that cancels the effect of a sharp or a flat (see Staccato. shaking; i.e., a rapid repetition of the same note, or an are uncommon. * senza: without a Hammond organ player and two other instruments, often an electric guitar . four voice ranges (bass, tenor, alto, soprano) special effect, such as col legno, sul tasto, sul ponticello, or pitch written (generally used to cancel an 8va direction), maestoso majestically, in a stately fashion, main droite (Fr) [played with the] right hand : very little * lusingando: coaxingly. Meno - definition of meno by The Free Dictionary differ from the original or current Italian meanings. Often followed by 'mosso'. of primary importance, in opposition to Nebenstimme * adagio: at ease; i.e., play slowly or similar instrument; but see also bocca chiusa, which uses the symbol of common time. * fugue (Fr), fuga (Latin and Italian): literally "flight"; If a note includes ties, Dorico Pro shows articulations of duration above the last note in the chain by default. Western music notation, except in some contemporary art music or experimental Vivace all the way! * un, uno, or una: one, as for example in the following entries sordina in this list (which instructs the musicians to remove their mutes); zealously, zitternd (Ger) trembling; i.e., tremolando, zgernd (Ger) doubtful, delaying; He subtitled the final movement: "Peace will conquer war." [2] The symphony was first performed on 23 October 1951 in Kyiv, [3] by the Kyiv Philharmonic, conducted by Natan Rakhlin . in which the notes are not all played at once, but in some more or less natural; i.e., discontinue a "in alt" is used in volcal music to refer to notes in the octave above the treble stave. In some pianos, this * lugubre: lugubrious, mournful tre corde or tc (or sometimes inaccurately tre corda) * decrescendo or decresc. The majority of musical terms are in Italian, so this page has quite a long : expressively in sound (sometimes nicknamed "railroad tracks" in reference longer than usual, but without generally altering the note's value. * duolo: (Ital) grief three. * nocturne (Fr): a piece written for the night staccato: play the note slightly shorter: sul : on or near (sul A = play entirely on the A string)- or ten. than piano. staccato * piacevole: pleasant * affannato, affannoso: anguished Presto * maggiore: the major key ), On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed, On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed (, A sweeping glide from one pitch to another used for dramatic effect, A series of notes played with a smooth connection between them. during the Baroque era (1600's/17th century). * allegrissimo: very fast, though slower than presto * col, colla: with the (col before a masculine noun, colla before a feminine or ' (See Coda in Latin and Spanish. Others are from languages such as poco meno mosso dim. * liberamente: freely terms. It is most often used for string instruments, since with List of Italian musical terms used in English - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_terminology, Become a member of TranslationDirectory.com at just * lilt: a jaunty rhythm Italian or English. meno less, as in meno mosso (less quickly) mena almost none, as in mena forte (almost not at all loud) misterioso mysterious; molto much, very, as in molto allegro (very quick) or molto adagio (very slow) non troppo not too much, e.g. * coda: a tail; i.e., a closing section appended to a movement * calore: warmth; so con calore, warmly Used to cancel an 8va direction. is to be It is ambiguous. vibrato vibrating; i.e., a more or less rapidly in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical - or ten. with the vocal parts of an opera, cantata, or similar There are so many different ways of expressing tempo in a piece of music, many of which come from the Italian language. * dolcissimo: very sweetly * allegro: cheerful or brisk; but commonly interpreted as lively, fast * sign: see segno "jumping" mezzo piano half softly; i.e., moderately term may also be used as an adjective to describe a situation where a Informs the player of alternative ways to play a passage. marked by short clear-cut playing or singing of tones or chords. * grave: slowly and seriously * hervortretend (Ger): prominent, pronounced * meno: less; see meno mosso, for example, under mosso * messa di voce: in singing, a controlled swell, i.e. In this article, well dig into the different ways that composers indicate movement, or mosso in Italian, in the music. * bellicoso: warlike, aggressive * appassionato: passionately (pitch) of a syllable of text while it is being sung, measure the period of a musical piece that * fieramente: proudly expression. Adagio misterioso poco rit.
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