In a number of cases, a self-sustaining, pro-state political order remains distant, and the security apparatus is instead needed to deter or contain resistance. In 2018, there were less than 100 reported conflict-related fatalities, compared to approximately 1,100 in 2008. /xL\z5CBDDiUy YkxS,A)('OR @$#S@cvs / *%C!% While economic distress is weighing down all South Asian countries, some are coping better than others. Exports and the services sector in India, the regions largest economy, have recovered more strongly than the world average while its ample foreign reserves served as a buffer to external shocks. WebMost Indians do not identify as South Asian, raising concerns for the viability of it as a classification. Despite the history of female leadership in the region, many women in South Asia face significant challenges throughout their entire lives. 0000002957 00000 n ~o hc}0`SctnEKjkf|;5SLg0]{7{rRr^"z1asq1vp[WDG5)2?,=Ma;M),n^\e}H V Third, even noninsurgent violence has the potential to spiral into broader conflict. Source: World Nomad Games 2018 / R.Iliasov. Without the support from Moscow that had kept their economies afloat for decades, these countries soon lost as much as 50 percent of their GDPs. endstream endobj 74 0 obj <> endobj 75 0 obj <> endobj 76 0 obj <>stream Figure 3 shows the sanctioned strengths of Indias two largest central police forces, the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and Border Security Force (BSF), from 1988 to 2018.3 The BSF has a major role in J&K, and the CRPF is heavily deployed across Indias areas of insurgency; both have expanded dramatically. Nevertheless, a large security presence has been established in Tamil areas, justified by the specter of resurgent revolt, and state forces have not been held accountable for past human rights abuses. South Asia: supporting gender equality and social Suppressing violence is not necessarily the same as resolving conflict. WebThe problems of the South Asian region are different from those in the developed world. India, for example, is more populous than all of North America and Europe combined. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, Editorial Board In the Northeast, the 1990s saw a resurgence of violence by Naga insurgent factions in Nagaland and neighboring states, the expansion of multiple insurgencies in the state of Assam, and ongoing or new violence in the states of Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura. endstream endobj 78 0 obj <>stream -- Volume 31, Number 2, July 2016, Editorial Board HUMo@Wq}] !@iz{@-mPH$ Instead, mob violence has become a more persistent concern than rebellion. Since then, other than the Easter bombings by an Islamist cell in 2019, there have not been major acts of anti-state violence. The resulting squeeze on real income is severe, particularly for the regions poor who spend a large share of their income on food. This leads to heightened levels of psychological stress and interference with the identity formation process, especially when a person feels a stronger connection to the dominant western culture. The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 created an economic crisis for Central Asias newly independent countries. These gender inequalities continue into adulthood. The security establishment, which had a tumultuous relationship with the MQM for decades, launched a crackdown in 2013 that has badly degraded the party, opening space for electoral competitors and reducing electoral violence. Coping with Shocks: Migration and the Road to Resilience, Inflation in South Asia, caused by elevated global food and energy prices and trade restrictions that worsened food insecurity in the region, is expected to rise to 9.2 percent this year, Office of the Chief Economist, South Asia. Dragons and Tigers is the only textbook that covers all three regions South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia in one textbook. But mental health is deeply stigmatized in many South Asian communities and symptoms are often trivialized. Afghanistan granted women the right to vote in 1919, a year before the United States did, but the Talibans rise to power decades later significantly eroded this early progress: recent estimates indicate up to 80 percent of Afghan women face forced marriage. 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW Two prominent causes of family conflict arise when South Asian adolescents and young adults wish to start dating or pursue a career that is discerned to be unacceptable by the parents. Three states have populations of over one hundred million people. India is so large and diverse that it seems to be more a continent than a country. -- Volume 30, Number 2, July 2015, Editorial Board While the Pakistani military is currently riding high politically, its track record over time has included miscalculation and counterproductive policies (for instance, repressing unarmed political movements while tolerating Islamist armed groups that later grew out of control). Central Asian Society Drifts From Soviet Past, National Cultures Put on Display at Central Asian World Nomad Games, Central Asian Migration to Russia Brings Money, Social Problems. -- Volume 28, Number 3, November 2013, Editorial Board WebThe paper discusses social consequences of drug abuse in the South Asian region, covering social issues with respect to family, society, gender, young people, work, crime, violence, and cost. And in Nepal, a Maoist insurgency fought its way into a stalemate with Nepals security forces by 2005. Indian films might be famous for their catchy and colorful musical numbers, but they also reflect Indias diversity. Create a free account and access your personalized content collection with our latest publications and analyses. As a PhD candidate in clinical neuropsychology at the University of Windsor, some of my current research involves adapting cognitive assessment methods to people who speak Urdu or Hindi. Bringing South Asians Into a Very White Space. Your IP: These changes are neither universal nor irreversible: important conflicts persist and continue to exact a severe human cost. This triggered a major MHA response combined with the efforts of state police forces, as well as the involvement in some places and times of a controversial progovernment militia. Finally, the Naxalite insurgency gained power and reach between 2004 and 2010, particularly in the Indian states of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. WebSouth Asia has some of the worst levels of human deprivation in the world. )Ug}wz/vn_/7E|?|^P_PAy_ }D` ,Ut Finally, Nepal has meaningfully improved its democratic practice since the end of its civil war. ISSUES IN SOUTH ASIA - JSTOR Another major source of political violence in Pakistan was militarized electoral competition in Karachi, where the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM)an armed political party with a strong base among ethnic Muhajirshad been a crucial presence in the city since the 1980s. For example, the TTP is alleged to be regrouping in Afghanistan, Pakistan claims that India is supporting Baloch rebels, the Taliban operates out of Pakistan, India focuses on Pakistans long history of support for terrorist and militant groups, and Indian media signals concern about Chinese backing for insurgents in the Northeast. This report intends to capture the current state of play of the global water justice movement in order to strengthen struggles for public and community water systems. With 189 member countries, staff from more than 170 countries, and offices in over 130 locations, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership: five institutions working for sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing countries. -- Volume 33, Number 2, July 2018, Editorial Board Surrounding the Ocean: PRC Influence in the Indian Ocean, Africa Matters to the World Banks Global Role and Heres How, How Indonesia Used Chinese Industrial Investments to Turn Nickel into the New Gold, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, not created a self-sustaining pro-state political order, enduring political power and serious limits on rights, partial democracies marked by factionalism, https://www.mha.gov.in/documents/annual-reports, https://www.mha.gov.in/division_of_mha/north-east-division, https://www.pakpips.com/publications#1512730923805-d52fde57-07fa. -- Volume 21, Number 1, April 2006. key challenges for the future of -- Volume 32, Number 3, November 2017, Editorial Board It is a sea change. WebContemporary South Asia (1992), 1(1), 143-146 Commentary Challenges and opportunities for South Asia M. B. NAQVI The destruction of both communism and the Soviet state in what was the USSR has profoundly changed the geopolitical environment of South Asia. This could lead to more awareness of the diversity of mental health conditions and knowledge on how to seek help and resources within their communities. Issues like water scarcity, poverty, food insecurity, resource depletion, climate change, environmental degradation, inadequacy of health services, and so forth directly affect millions of South Asians. Note: (e)=estimate, (f)=forecast. Deaths from Diarrheal Diseases. =rJub^#ivFackYh}QY?M Its home to A chart showing the percentage of Kyrgyzstan's GDP that remittances make up. 3 These data are drawn from MHA annual reports. New forms of state and non-state coercion have become more politically prominent, especially localized mob and vigilante violence, which are often linked to, rather than aimed at, the state and ruling parties. As Nepals government went through extraordinary tumult in the early 2000s, the Maoists expanded their reach and fought the state to a standstill. 0000007939 00000 n wL/O0jG&rR>w y]YO_W! ;Kw6A?KFkdfA&A67iug!~W\?mnbydk1KS1YQzsL0]|m While trying to fit into a western society that prides itself on individual expression, they may find themselves navigating a culture at home where personal boundaries are blurred, and self-identity is determined by the validation of their family and community. Nature-Society relations provide the foundation for social, economic, political, and environmental problems. -- Volume 29, Number 1, March 2014, Editorial Board Between 2000 and 2011, South Asian cities swelled in size, as 130 million people flocked to urban areas often in search of better, higher-paying jobs. South Asias migrant workers, many of whom are employed in the informal sector, were disproportionately affected when restrictions to movement were imposed during COVID-19. 2023 Project MUSE. Beset with Sri Lankas economic crisis, Pakistans catastrophic floods, a global slowdown, and impacts of the war in Ukraine, South Asia faces an unprecedented combination of shocks on top of the lingering scars of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, in 2020, most of these conflicts are either finished or persist at much lower intensity. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. Social movements in southern Asia have been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in For many youth, entering into a relationship prior to marriage is discouraged. Asians have a lower homeownership rate than the U.S. public overall (59% vs. 64%). The three big issues facing East Asia | World Economic Forum A chart showing the death rate of diarrheal diseases in Bangladesh going down as the percentage of people in Bangladesh using at least basic sanitation services goes up over the years. -- Volume 38, Number 1, March 2023, Editorial Board While it has not disappeared and still has the potential for a major resurgence, there has been a dramatic fall from its high point of influence. I also started @Braincoach, an Instagram stream to share my science-based knowledge. You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. 92 0 obj <>stream Others may comply with the expectations required of them, but at the cost of losing their sense of self, their self-concept. Following critical discourse analysis, the paper concludes that the social movements has been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in terms of culture and ideology. Consequently, many young South Asians keep their relationships hidden due to internalized shame and a fear of being rejected by their families. However, in South Asian families individuals can also feel pressure to sacrifice their personal desires for the expectations of their family. We provide a wide array of financial products and technical assistance, and we help countries share and apply innovative knowledge and solutions to the challenges they face. There have been sustained and credible allegations of human rights violations by Indian security forces and various insurgent groups, major disruptions to civilian life, Like European countries, Indias states are drawn along ethnic and linguistic lines and have distinct cultures. It is seen that modernization, democratization, political ideologies and emergence of mass societies threatened the personal and collective identities and the advancement in information systems have sustained peoples struggles against the dominant world view of the State and elites. ~DJ5$^iG(2A9Li!QsS}%4q)bL)|uH9oa^mMR'mrWPxxtIj%hR,KZeIv!ho;qJ`qkP2EjcS+q/&r2&1)+Eu _vw"@|-g:ne7*7 r;. PhD Candidate - Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Windsor. Key findings about 0000004679 00000 n %PDF-1.4 % While advocates of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modis government have heralded his strength and resolve, the trends in insurgent violence under the second Congress Party-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government (20092014) look almost identical to those in the Modi government. By using this website, you agree to our cookie policy. -- Volume 29, Number 3, November 2014, Editorial Board There has been less political accommodation than in Indias Northeast, and human rights abuses are pervasive, fusing counterinsurgency with the broader political objectives of the military in managing Pakistans political sphere. The World Bank Group works in every major area of development. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. The number is even highertwo-thirds of all school-aged girlsin Afghanistan, where 83 percent of women are illiterate. 0000002827 00000 n 0000033263 00000 n 0000000896 00000 n -- Volume 26, Number 1, April 2011, Editorial Board There has been a dramatic transformation of Pakistans security environment since the height of the TTPs power. This blend of repression and collusion has reduced direct anti-state violence. Over time, it had both clashed and cooperated with both military and civilian governments. Following seven decades of Soviet rule, these newly independent countries are reasserting their distinct national identities through events such as the World Nomad Games, where traditional sports like horseback archery, golden eagle hunting, and high-speed yurt-building are on full display. India and Pakistan account for 86 percent of the regions total population and, along with Bangladesh, rank among the worlds ten largest countries by population. Life expectancy in South Asia has risen dramatically over the past fifty years. Tamil militancy had been a fact of life in Sri Lanka since the 1970s, with the LTTE coming to dominate the insurgency. Survey data from the report suggests that in late 2021 and early 2022, migration flows are associated with movement from areas hit hard by the pandemic to those that were not, thus helping equilibrate demand and supply of labor in the aftermath of the COVID-19 shock. WebSouth Asia is one of the most vulnerable regions globally to a number of direct and indirect effects of climate change, including sea level rise, cyclonic activity, and changes in ambient temperature and precipitation patterns. (Clockwise starting from top left) Keystone/Getty Images, Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images, AFP/GettyImages, Eric Piper/Getty Images, How the World Works and Sometimes Doesnt, Return to India has also improved cooperation with the military in Myanmar, aiming to limit cross-border movements. 167.172.145.158 In Bangladesh, regime repression of dissent and of opposition movements have been commonplace. -- Volume 37, Number 3, November 2022, Editorial Board MHA data can also be found in its annual reports (https://www.mha.gov.in/documents/annual-reports) and, for the Northeast, on the North East Divisions website (https://www.mha.gov.in/division_of_mha/north-east-division). 0000003934 00000 n ?\xx~,~P$ 0elqglOAAp0E` > dmslu%eg0$GM[M'LF jM From 2002 to 2006, there was a ceasefire before brief, ill-fated negotiations that collapsed back into pitched warfare. Traditional psychotherapy has been founded on normalized versions of western, middle-class families. Interestingly, while the Peoples Movements in the respective countries were structural and political in nature, subsequent movements have been fuelled with the voices of identity and rights of socially disadvantaged ethnic groups. But there are downsides too. The second factor in reducing insurgent violence has been Indias effective use of ceasefires, demobilization deals, and amnesties in the Northeast to peel off and demobilize insurgent factions. -- Volume 24, Number 2, October 2009, Editorial Board -- Volume 35, Number 1, March 2020, Editorial Board These trajectories matter because political exclusion and partial democracies marked by factionalism can contribute to revolt, especially when combined with a potentially more volatile international environment. South Asian Americans Indias government battled ongoing insurgencies in Kashmir, the Naxalite belt in interior India, and the Northeast. Although reports of some degree of sanctuary in China and possible tacit support for rebels have grown in recent years, there has not been a return to the levels of the past. WebPeople and Society South Asia is densely populated and immensely diverse. Anti-India armed groups are alleged to still operate on Pakistani soil, the Afghan Taliban has consistently used sanctuary along the Afghan border, and localized armed actors have worked with the state in counterinsurgency zones. Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka became the worlds first female prime minister in 1960; her daughter, Chandrika Kumaratunga, also became both prime minister and president. ,MFYir`hJS(;e+\ /e*A:nXsv)GG`P`.AH &# #10 bE2?``8 cN#CA.&MeZ$i {``P,34@ 0} The movements, thus, have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. To the north, Central Asia is far less populous but has its own challenges and opportunities. In nutshell, although having a century long background of various social movements, South Asia is undergoing a burgeoning phase of social movements transformation, which is outcome of the various factors including reluctantly changing state structure vis--vis social development, rights regime, marginalization, and conflict resolutions. Yet a peace process emerged that eventually led to the CPN-Ms demobilization and the Maoists incorporation into mainstream electoral politics. 0000006311 00000 n Pandemics, sudden swings in global liquidity and commodity prices, and extreme weather disasters were once tail-end risks. Global data and statistics, research and publications, and topics in poverty and development, The World Banks digital platform for live-streaming, Environmental and Social Policies for Projects, International Development Association (IDA). Non-state armed groups can bolster rather than undermine state power. In Sri Lanka, the period of victory over the LTTE and its aftermath saw autocratization under the rule of the Rajapaksa family, a trend that changed when a new government came to power in 2015. in South Asia Being a homeland of number of caste and ethnic groups, the ways and process of how the social movements interact with contentious politics (and vice-versa) have been still less theorized empirically in the Asian societies. A silent mental health crisis exists among South Asian communities. In the first decade of the 2000s, both Nepal and Sri Lanka grappled with major insurgencies. -- Volume 24, Number 1, April 2009, Editorial Board The collectivist nature of South Asian culture can feel comforting and supportive with close-knit family ties and a sense of connection to something larger than the self. -- Volume 31, Number 3, November 2016, Editorial Board Following critical discourse analysis, the paper concludes that the social movements has been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in terms of culture and ideology. A participant at the 2018 World Nomad Games at Kyrchyn Gorge, Kyrgyzstan. WebClimate change in South Asia is having significant impacts already which are expected to intensify as global temperatures rise due to climate change.The South Asia region consists of the eight countries Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, the Maldives and Sri Lanka.In the 2017 edition of Germanwatch's Climate Risk Index, Bangladesh and India and the international community have put sustained pressure on Pakistan to reduce its support for militants and terrorists. In the Global South there is a huge research gap in linking the social movements and power dynamics within the societies. It is in Kashmir where the Modi government has most dramatically shifted policy by revoking the autonomy of and bifurcating the state of Jammu and Kashmir, accompanied by a massive crackdown on movement, communication, and political activity. In the nearly three decades since their independence, the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia have drifted from Russian influence. 0000007388 00000 n While the growing dominance of state power may become a new, enduring status quo, analysts should pay careful attention to potential triggers of new or renewed revolt. The political landscape of South Asia has changed dramatically in the last two decades. issues 0 Pakistans counterinsurgency successes have been accompanied by the militarys enduring political power and serious limits on rights. Despite having a long historical background, critics suggest that the social movements are increasingly contested with identity politics and agrarian issues. South Drawing on its nomadic culture, Kyrgyzstan launched the World Nomad Games in 2014. Finally, instability in and political exclusion from regimes can foster rebellions, even after long periods of apparent stability. 0000011157 00000 n As in the mountainous peripheries where the state waged counterinsurgency against the TTP, due process and rule of law have been troubled in the Karachi operations.
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