Ch. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Alas, it seems that it questions that have to do with origins that are the toughest to answer. b. everything past Mars and the asteroid belt Meteor showers are caused by an interaction between a planet and debris from a comet trail. As the denser regions pulled in more and more matter, conservation of momentum caused it to begin rotating, while increasing pressure caused it to heat up. [19] It starts with planetesimals that undergo runaway growth, followed by the slower oligarchic stage. As the solar nebula contracts, it C) some come from the Moon and Mars, as well as the asteroid belt. The nebula theoryis the most generally accepted evolutionary model for formation of the solar systemfrom a cloud of gas and dust particles known as a nebula. According to the nebular theory, why did terrestrial planets form in the inner solar system and jovian planets in the outer solar system? The solar nebula theory asserts that the solar system was birthed by a monolithic interstellar gas cloud that condensed to form the sun and planets. B) The denser planets lie closer to the Sun. D) faster due to conservation of angular momentum. C) are shorter than the 76-year period for Comet Halley. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). I highly recommend you use this site! [28][68] After that, the accretion rates increase dramatically and the remaining 90% of the mass is accumulated in approximately 10,000years. The general explanation tend to be the accretion process, where the tilt would be randomized. The terrestrial planets grow by slower accretion, and the material may have started to be cleared from the disk. C) imaging them with the HST in the infrared, where they are easier to stop. B) the great nebula found just below the belt stars of Orion. In essence, this theory states that the Sun, the planets, and all other. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [65] An additional consequence is that a huge number of small planetesimals will remain, because giant planets are incapable of clearing them all out without the help of embryos. A) Gaspra. b. where the comet came from Now maybe the Grand Tack with the assumption of mantle breaking impacts in the early days those first 10 millions years were heady times! e. both A and C are correct, Relative to the comet, the direction of the ion tail tells us: D) go no farther out than Pluto, then return to the sun again. (ASs well as the direct collapse scenario.) Planetary transits of exoplanets are rare because The terrestrial planets have mantles of ________ materials and iron rich cores. e. cout << "x + y < z: " << (x + y < z) << endl; How many of the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction that Earth does? Moon Formation Theories & Overview | What is the Capture Theory? The catastrophic hypothesis is a hypothesis that states that our solar system formed thanks to a sudden and improbable event such as the collision of two stars. A) most jovian satellites It's not as bright as a star because it's not undergoing thermonuclear fusion, with the tremendous release of energy that accompanies that process. As we learn more about neighboring star systems and explore more of the cosmos, our models are likely to mature further. According to the solar nebula theory, why are Jupiter and Saturn much more massive than Uranus and Neptune? C) more icy. But the dust and gas are also the ingredients for the planets themselves. In essence, this theory states that the Sun, the planets, and all other objects in the Solar System formed from nebulous material billions of years ago. The ________ planets are large bodies in the outer solar system with compositions like the Sun's. When it comes to the formation of our Solar System, the most widely accepted view is known as the Nebular Hypothesis. His Trait de mcanique cleste (Celestial Mechanics), appearing in five volumes between 1798 and 1827, summarized the results obtained by his mathematical, According to the nebular hypothesis, part of an interstellar cloud of dust and gas underwent gravitational collapse to form a primeval solar nebula. Stages that occurred during the formation of our solar system in order: surfaces dramatically altered during the heavy bombardment. e) should orbit perpendicular to their star's equator. B) faster due to an increase in angular momentum. Iron meteorites are believed to come from d. a large meteorite impact D) a spherical cloud of cometary nuclei far beyond the Kuiper Belt. E) high-altitude UV spectroscopy. C) the Moon. Star Mass & Luminosity Formula | Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, How Orbits Are Influenced by Gravity & Energy, Terrestrial Planets | Facts & Characteristics. Neptune, Comet orbits all have ________ eccentricity compared to the asteroids, Most asteroid orbits lie between those of Mars and ________, A solid body from the outer solar system that arrives intact on the Earth's surface is called Pluto's orbit has a lower inclination to the ecliptic than any planet or dwarf planet, One characteristic of the terrestrial planets is their extensive moon systems, All the planet's orbits are evenly spaced, All the planets revolve around the Sun in the same direction, except for Venus and Uranus. D) Vesta. C) toward the Sun and disappears at perihelion. Meteoroids are significantly smaller than asteroids. B) comet nuclei B) jovian satellites Solved Our solar system was created from a dust and gas - Chegg poster about urban heat island (geography), which of the following types of tectonic forces tend to squeeze and shorten a rock body? The asteroids moving in the orbit of Jupiter, but 60 degrees ahead or behind it, are called An interesting problem for terrestrial planets is the meter size problem (IIRC the name). E) weight per square inch. 2. stars, as our own planets orbit the Sun. Corrections? B) the jovian planets are made only of ice, and the terrestrials only of rock. Because extrasolar planets are too close to their much brighter parent stars, observers cannot typically observe an extrasolar planet directly. d. Homework 6 (Chapter 18) Flashcards | Quizlet n=1,690,541,699=74113232n=1,690,541,699=7^{4} \cdot 11^{3} \cdot 23^{2}n=1,690,541,699=74113232, Name each of the following molecular compounds: (6.5) A rocky body between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter is a(n) ________. He assumed that the mutual gravitational attractions of the particles caused them to start moving and colliding, at which point chemical forces kept them bonded together. E) slower due to a decrease in angular momentum. "Birth of the planets: The Earth and its fellow planets may be survivors from a time when planets ricocheted around the Sun like ball bearings on a pinball table", "Interactive Extra-solar Planets Catalog", "SPHERE Reveals Fascinating Zoo of Discs Around Young Stars", "Formation of protoplanet systems and diversity of planetary systems", "The evolution of viscous discs and the origin of the nebular variables", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, "What Puts The Brakes On Madly Spinning Stars? Name the four principal types of solar-system debris; pair them up in terms of composition, Asteroids: Large chunks of metals and rock primarily formed between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt, Metereoroids: A meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic body in outer space. Relate meteor showers to comets; explain why most are annual events. READ: How Our Solar System Formed (article) | Khan Academy Name three properties of the solar nebula still seen in planetary orbits. E) Kuiper Belt bodies. The NEAR spacecraft actually landed on the asteroid ________ in February 2001. In the case of the Sun the resulting mass was not enough to lead to a closed star cluster as we can see circling the Milky Way, but an open star cluster where the stars would mix with other stars over the ~ 20 orbits we have done around the MW. A) Mars. All the planets revolve around the Sun in the same direction, except for Venus and Uranus. what is now called Laplaces nebular hypothesis, a theory of the origin of the solar system. By the early 20th century, the Laplacian model had fallen out of favor, prompting scientists to seek out new theories. b. Jupiter There are three specific qualities that differentiate the two from each other. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. D) younger. However, the minimum mass nebula capable of terrestrial planet formation can only form 12MEarth cores at the distance of Jupiter (5AU) within 10million years. d. closer on average to the Sun than is the Earth [28] This enhances the mass of planetesimals fourfold. The first one is the disk instability model, where giant planets form in the massive protoplanetary disks as a result of its gravitational fragmentation (see above). It was during this time, from the 16th to 18th centuries, that astronomers and physicists began to formulate evidence-based explanations of how our Sun, the planets, and the Universe began. These observations also suggest that planets form in a remarkably short time. All four jovian planets are thought to have cores larger than Earth, All jovian planets have rings around their equators and at least eight moons, Pluto is more similar to the jovian planet's icy moons than to any of the planets, Due to their great masses, all four jovian worlds are much denser than the Earth, A Kuiper Belt object was discovered that may be larger than Pluto, Barringer Crater in Arizona is an example of a meteorite impact, Most astronomers now believe the demise of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago was caused by a c. the direction the comet is traveling The nucleus of a comet is typically This diagram represents the solar nebula early in its history and shows the location of the frost line. Kant-Laplace nebular hypothesis | astronomy | Britannica Solar wind from the Sun created the heliosphere and swept away the remaining gas and dust from the protoplanetary disc into interstellar space, ending the planetary formation process. The core grew large rapidly and triggered gas collapse onto the planet from the disk, a large factor being the stickiness of ices at the grain stage. B) all lie less than 5 AU from the Sun. According to the solar nebula theory, why is there a common direction of revolution and rotation for most objects in the Solar System? [79], Use of the term "accretion disk" for the protoplanetary disk leads to confusion over the planetary accretion process. The ices that formed these planets were more plentiful. D) the surface of Mars a. the Oort cloud. The absence of Super-Earths and closely orbiting planets in the Solar System may be due to the previous formation of Jupiter blocking their inward migration. c. cometary debris b. false, Density is defined as: [73] The orbits of many of these planets and systems of planets differ significantly from the planets in the Solar System. Describe the function(s) of the placenta. E) sixty degrees ahead or behind Jupiter. A) the direction the comet is traveling. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. A similar model, but with the planets being formed before the Sun, was proposed by the French astronomer and mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1796. In contrast, the giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) formed beyond the point between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where material is cool enough for volatile icy compounds to remain solid (i.e. [61] Some of the embryos, which originated in the asteroid belt, are thought to have brought water to Earth. E) should be randomly oriented to their star's equator. [78] Alternatively gas accretion may be limited due to the envelopes not being in hydrostatic equilibrium, instead gas may flow through the envelope slowing its growth and delaying the onset of runaway gas accretion until the mass of the core reaches 15 Earth masses. How many carbon atoms are contained in a 0.400 mole of sucrose ( C12_{12}12H22_{22}22O11_{11}11)? All sorts of bodies up to protoplanets can be grown quickly and, when over the problematic size, will start to clear the disk rather than being braked by it. c. weight per square inch The influence of gravitationally induced angular momentum transport on disk structure and appearance", "Accretion and the evolution of T Tauri disks", "X-rays and Fluctuating X-Winds from Protostars", "Emission-line diagnostics of T Tauri magnetospheric accretion. C) Earth orbital X-ray images. A) only Jupiter and Saturn A recent paper show that terrestrial planets would suffer impacts on the great impact scale, between 1 to 8 as norm with an average of 3. It was also rejected by astronomer Sir David Brewster (1781 1868), who stated that: those who believe in the Nebular Theory consider it as certain that our Earth derived its solid matter and its atmosphere from a ring thrown from the Solar atmosphere, which afterwards contracted into a solid terraqueous sphere, from which the Moon was thrown off by the same process [Under such a view] the Moon must necessarily have carried off water and air from the watery and aerial parts of the Earth and must have an atmosphere.. What is not a line of evidence supporting the hypothesis that our Moon formed as a result of a giant impact? Solar nebula | astronomy | Britannica C) among the orbits of the terrestrial planets the core of a differntiated asteroid, now broken up. Most objects in the Solar System have a common direction of revolution and rotation because they formed from the same rotating gas cloud. D) the asteroid Gaspra. c. only Jupiter Star Classification Types & Luminosity Class | How are Stars Classified? [2] Initially it is a slow process, increasing the core masses up to 30MEarth in a few million years. The migration of the super-Earths, or the embryos that collided to form them, is likely to have been Type I due to their smaller mass. The resonant orbits of some of the exoplanet systems indicates that some migration occurred in these systems, while the spacing of the orbits in many of the other systems not in resonance indicates that an instability likely occurred in those systems after the dissipation of the gas disk. A) very durable, made of iron. A meteorite is If a massive companion planet or star on an inclined orbit was present an exchange of inclination for eccentricity via the Kozai mechanism raising eccentricities and lowering perihelion followed by circularization can also result in a close orbit.
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