In the Neo-Babylonian Empire, oaths were typically sworn by the king, and several gods, by individuals who were going to conduct various services. Montgomery, p. 253, citing Koldewey, Das wieder erstehende Babylon; and E. G. Kraeling, Rand McNally Bible Atlas, p. 327. Belshazzar also lacked many of the prerogatives of kingship, most importantly he was not allowed to preside over and officiate the Babylonian New Year's festival, which was the exclusive right of the king himself. A plausible account of Berosus, in his third book, found in a fragment preserved by Josephus summarizes the history between Nebuchadnezzars death in 562 B.C. Ibid., p. 214. 89-93. Under the stimulus of wine, the thought occurred to Belshazzar to bring in the gold and silver vessels taken from the temple in Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar almost seventy years before. All Rights Reserved. The command given to Abraham to cut in pieces three heifers (Genesis 15:9) as a part of the covenant established between him and his God was thus elucidated as symbolizing Babylonia, which gave rise to three kings, Nebuchadnezzar, Amel-Marduk, and Belshazzar, whose doom is prefigured by this act of "cutting to pieces" (Midrash Genesis Rabbah xliv.). 248 James A. Montgomery, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Daniel, p. 249. 247 See Raymond P. Dougherty, Nabonidus and Belshazzar. Not only would such a connection explain Nabonidus's rise to the throne (due to his being a member of the royal family), but it would also explain later historical traditions in which Belshazzar is described as Nebuchadnezzar's descendant. Because of the variety of words that could be identified merely by the consonants, another suggestion has been made. and reigned until 539 b.c. D. N. Freedman (Prayer of Nabonidus, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 145 [1957]: 32) identifies the three kings as Nebuchadnezzar, Nabonidus and Belshazzar. The solution to the problem which the queen suggested was that they invite Daniel the prophet, who had been discovered as a man of wisdom by Nebuchadnezzar, to interpret the writing. PDF Interesting Facts About Daniel - Bible Charts For his wisdom, Daniel was honored by King Nebuchadnezzar and placed in authority over all the wise men of Babylon. Daniel read the writing and Belshazzar made him the third ruler in the kingdom. 5:1-30) and during whose reign he received two visions (Dan. Like a mother, she told her son in effect to pull himself together because there must be some solution to his problem. This explains why Belshazzar in the lineal descent from Nebuchadnezzar was honored as a coruler under Nabonidus. 7:1; 8:1). Much speculation has arisen concerning the expression that he offered them the position of being the third ruler in the kingdom. There is some question as to whether the Aramaic indicates specifically the third ruler. The ordinal numeral would be tlitay (as in Dan 2:39) whereas the Aramaic here is actually talti. Since the publication of Raymond Doughertys scholarly research .on Nabonidus and Belshazzar, based on the Nabonidus Cylinder and other sources, there is no ground for questioning the general historicity of Belshazzar; and only the details of the scriptural account unverified by extrabiblical sources can be challenged by the critics.247 Montgomery states that the story is unhistorical but nevertheless contains indubitable reminiscences of actual history.248. BELSHAZZAR - JewishEncyclopedia.com With what eloquent scorn Daniel declares that Belshazzar, his lords, wives and concubines had drunk wine from these sacred vessels and had praised gods of silver, and gold, of brass, iron, wood, and stone, which see not, nor hear, nor know: and the God in whose hand thy breath is, and whose are all thy ways, hast thou not glorified.278. Merrill F. Unger, Ungers Bible Dictionary, pp. Under this interpretation, the writing would read, A maneh, a marieh, a shekel, and a half-maneh. Having arrived at this conclusion, however, it still remains to be determined what it means. As Belshazzar was drinking his wine, he ordered his servants to bring the gold and silver cups. 287 J. See also Leupold, pp. [25] October 543 BC is the return date most supported by surviving Babylonian documentation. Against Apion, in Josephus 1:221-25. exhibits its remarkable accuracy.249 The controversy over Belshazzar, because of the extensive investigation and great variety of findings, has become one of the most complicated problems in the entire book, but the problem itself is comparatively simple. This is the first point at which this ch. On his death Neriglisar, his murderer, succeeded to the throne and reigned four years. It is possible in the decline of the Babylonian Empire that the number of the wise men was far more limited at this point in history than it was under Nebuchadnezzars reign. Belshazzar | king of Babylonia | Britannica J. Critics of the authenticity and historicity of Daniel accordingly were free to question whether any such person as Belshazzar existed. 282 Since Prince, who wrote his commentary in 1899, many others have followed the suggestion of Clermont-Ganneau (Journal Asiatique) 1886, that the inscription contained a string of weight names. 254 For further discussion of this problem, see Young, pp. [45], Belshazzar partook in Babylon's defense against the invasion by Cyrus the Great in 539 BC. Belshazzar Bible Story - Deadly Mistakes & History - Crosswalk.com Yet this empire was to have as its last official act the honoring of one of these captives who by divine revelation predicted not only the downfall of Babylon but the course of the times of the Gentiles until the Son of man should come from heaven. Daniel as the prophet of God is the channel through which divine revelation would come, and Belshazzar in his extremity was willing to listen. 271 F. Rosenthal, A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic, p. 71. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Then came in all the kings wise men; but they could not read the writing, nor make known to the king the interpretation thereof. Then the kings countenance was changed, and his thoughts troubled him, so that the joints of his loins were loosed, and his knees smote one against another. The king was drinking wine with them. 00:00. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. Herodotus gives a glowing account of Babylon as a monument to the genius of Nebuchadnezzar and undoubtedly a source of much pride to all the Babylonians. A Summary and Analysis of the Writing on the Wall at Belshazzar's Feast A great bridge spanned the Euphrates River, connecting the eastern section and the western or new section of the city. Babylonian chronicles refer to the crown prince being stationed at home in Babylonia with "his army". [7] The story of Belshazzar's feast is historical fiction, and several details are not consistent with historical facts. Much as Babylon fell on that sixteenth day of Tishri (Oc. [43], Regardless of any potential animosity between Nabonidus and Belshazzar, Belshazzar retained the status of crown prince and intended successor, as a handful of documents still reference the "son of the king". Perhaps the full force of his wickedness in using the vessels taken from the temple in Jerusalem had begun to dawn upon him, or the fears suppressed concerning the presence of the armies which surrounded Babylon may have now emerged. The whole surrounding territory of the city of Babylon and the related provinces already had been conquered. He was given a Babylonian name - Belteshazzar, meaning "Bel Protect his Life." 9 out of the 12 chapters in Daniel revolve around dreams. Belshazzar - Wikipedia Because his rule was arbitrary and licentious, he was assassinated by Neriglisar after he had reigned only two years. Whether, therefore, someone else made the suggestion to him in his perplexity, or whether he himself devised the plan, he had recourse to the following stratagem. The next four years Neriglisar occupied the throne. Nabonidus was allowed to live in Carmania until the time of his death, but he was not allowed to come to Babylonia.245, The account of Berosus preserved by Josephus is supported by other evidence such as the short fragment of Abydenus preserved by Eusebius.246, Until the discovery of the Nabonidus Cylinder, no mention of Belshazzar, whom Daniel declares to be king of Babylon, had been found in extrabiblical literature. Corrections? Daniel does not record his immediate successors, and extrabiblical literature is somewhat confused. At his death his son Laborosoarchod, who was only a child, reigned for nine months until a conspiracy resulted in his being beaten to death. Drinking bouts such as characterized Babylon were also common among other peoples, such as the Persians. The inscription on the wall may have appeared like this, MN MN TQL UPRSN. The order of the letters in the Aramaic, of course, would be the reverse of this, that is, from right to left. Darius notes Daniels good qualities and plans to elevate him to the highest administrative position. 11 b ). . Nabonidus assumed the throne in 556 b.c. For other uses, see, List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources, "Nabonidus, Belshazzar, and the Book of Daniel: an Update", Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belshazzar&oldid=1147589796, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia without a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages with numeric Bible version references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Belshazzar never assumed, and was not allowed to use, the title of king (. The famed hanging gardens of Babylon were large enough to support trees. Then was king Belshazzar greatly troubled, and his countenance was changed in him, and his lords were astonied. Having stationed the bulk of his army near the passage of the river where it enters Babylon, and again having stationed another division beyond the city, where the river makes its exit, he gave order to his forces to enter the city as soon as they should see the stream fordable. Belshazzar was killed that night, and the city taken by the Medes and Persians. He knew Daniel and knew the history of Nebuchadnezzars experience with Gods chastening. Daniel 1:1-2, Jeremiah 25:1), Jehoiakim died, and his son Jehoiachin became king (2 Kings 24:6). Leupold suggests that PHARSIN could be understood by changing the vowels to be Persians284 and might have a double meaning as indicated by Daniels explanation given to the Medes and Persians. A pun may be intended on this third word. But when his heart was lifted up, and his mind hardened in pride, he was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him: And he was driven from the sons of men; and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses: they fed him with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; till he knew that the most high God ruled in the kingdom of men, and that he appointeth over it whomsoever he will. If, however, the Babylonians had been aware of it beforehand, or had known what Cyrus was about, they would not have suffered the Persians to enter the city, but would have utterly destroyed them; for, having shut all the little gates that lead to the river, and mounting the walls that extend along the banks of the river, they would have caught them as in a net; whereas the Persians came upon them by surprise. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Also known as: Baltasar, Balthasar, Bel-shar-usur. 275 Arthur Jeffery, The Book of Daniel, Introduction and Exegesis, in The Interpreters Bible, 6:426. And Darius the Median took the kingdom, being about threescore and two years old. In the seventeenth year of his reign Cyrus advanced from Persia with a large army, and, after subjugating the rest of the kingdom, marched upon Babylonia. Daniel read the writing and Belshazzar made him the third ruler in the kingdom. Keil, pp. King Belshazzar wanted his royal people, his wives . At Daniel's request, his three countrymen were also placed in positions of authority as administrators of Babylon. The difficulty of the wise men in reading the writing may have been that it was written in Aramaic script without the vowels being supplied; but if written in cuneiform, the vowels would have been included. Athenaeus quotes Heracleides of Cumae, the author of Persian History, in describing in detail the custom of drinking to excess after dinner.259 The luxury of both the drinking and the eating is also illustrated in Athenaeus in describing dinners among the Persians of high station as follows: For one thousand animals are slaughtered daily for the king; these comprise horses, camels, oxen, asses, deer, and most of the smaller animals; many birds also are consumed, including Arabian ostrichesand the creature is largegeese, and cocks.260. Belshazzar 's surviving heir is his granddaughter, Vashti. For example, in the passage, "As if a man did flee from a lion, and a bear met him" (Amos 5:19), the lion is said to represent Nebuchadnezzar, and the bear, equally ferocious if not equally courageous, is Belshazzar. In one case, sacred garments that Belshazzar ordered to be granted to a temple in Uruk were held back because Nabonidus had given a contrary order before departing for Tayma. The Revised Standard Version, following the Vulgate, adds in verse 3 and silver vessels. This act of sacrilege was an intentioned religious gesture in praise of the gods of Babylon mentioned in descending order of importance as gods of gold, and of silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone. That Belshazzar well knew the blasphemous character of his act is evident from Daniel 5:13, 22. 267 Cf. Updates? The Cross And Our Response to Trials (1 Peter 4:12-19), 8. 251 H. H. Rowley, The Historicity of the Fifth Chapter of Daniel, Journal of Theological Studies 32:12. All of this proved that God was greater than Nebuchadnezzar and held him responsible for his authority. Although the precise identity of Belshazzar may continue to be debated, available facts support accepting Daniels designation of Belshazzar as king. Although the Scriptures do not state so expressly, it is probable that the message of Daniel to the king was heard by the entire company. . Nabonidus left Babylon in May 553 BC to campaign in the west. When this took place, the Persians who were appointed to that purpose close to the stream of the river, which had now subsided to about the middle of a mans thigh, entered Babylon by this passage. Daniel 3:19-25, Nebuchadnezzar experiences visions of a tree and being driven away from people and losing his sanity. In spite of the problem in the word, it is probable that the offer of honor was that of being the third ruler. Darius makes the decree public. This same son of the king is most probably mentioned . The information embodied in these two visions, insofar as Daniel understood it, therefore was known to Daniel before the event of chapter 5 which chronologically came after chapters 7 and 8. 115-16; and T. G. Pinches, Babel, Babylon, in International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 1:350. That very night Belshazzar, the Chaldean king, was killed. Belshazzar had been known only from the biblical Book of Daniel (chapters 5, 78) and from Xenophons Cyropaedia until 1854, when references to him were found in Babylonian cuneiform inscriptions. Not only the record in Daniel but also the external evidence is now sufficient to support the conclusion that Belshazzars coregency is almost beyond question. What Did Belshazzar Use In His Feast? - On Secret Hunt Because his rule was arbitrary and licentious, he was assassinated by Neriglisar after he had reigned only two years. [1], The ancient Greek historian Herodotus names the "last great queen" of the Babylonian Empire as Nitocris, though that name (nor any other name) is not attested in contemporary Babylonian sources. As in the previous instances in Daniel 2 and 4, the wisdom of the world is demonstrated to be totally unable to solve its major problems and to understand either the present or the future. According to Berosus, Nebuchadnezzar died after a reign of 43 years and was followed by his son Evil-Merodach. 252 N. W. Porteous, Daniel: A Commentary, p. 76. Still, orders by Nabonidus superseded orders by Belshazzar. [50] It is often assumed that Belshazzar was killed by the Persians at Babylon when the city fell, on 12 October. Daniel 12:13, Cyrus allows the Jews to return to Judea and rebuild the temple in Jerusalem. 245 The actual text of Berosus is as follows: After beginning the wall of which I have spoken, Nabuchodonosor fell sick and died, after a reign of forty-three years, and the realm passed to his son Evilmaraduch. Darius used little . Isaiah and Jeremiah had prophesied that Babylon would fall to the Medes on just such a night of revelry as Daniel records (Is 13:17-22; 21:1-10; Jer 51:33-58). So broad and strong were the walls that chariots four abreast could parade around its top. What Daniel is saying is that he will give an unprejudiced interpretation with no attempt to seek favor from the king. (19011906). [29] It is probable that Nabonidus, a reformer, and Belshazzar, apparently more religiously conservative, did not see eye to eye in religious matters. As Nabonidus was relatively old at the time, Belshazzar could expect to become king within a few years. [5][6][7] Daniel's Belshazzar is not malevolent (he, for instance, rewards Daniel for his interpretation of "the writing on the wall"), but in later Jewish tradition Belshazzar was presented as a tyrant who oppresses the Jewish people. When Nebuchadnezzar's son King Belshazzar uses the vessels from the Jewish temple for his feast, a hand appears and writes a mysterious . Daniel is clothed with scarlet, a chain of gold put about his neck, and a proclamation issued that he should be the third ruler in the kingdom. But the Babylonians, having taken the field, awaited his coming; and when he had advanced near the city, the Babylonians gave battle, and, being defeated, were shut up in the city. The large reward that was offered, however, was to no avail, for the wise men who assembled could not read the writing nor interpret it. 263 Edward B. Pusey, Daniel the Prophet, p. 346. [15] Belshazzar's father came to the throne as a result of a conspiracy that saw the deposition and murder of the previous king, Labashi-Marduk. Though oaths for most of the regency only refer to Nabonidus, some oaths from late in the regency were sworn by "the majesty of Nabonidus, king of Babylon, and Belshazzar, his son", or even by "the majesty of Nabonidus and Belshazzar". That such a large feast should be held by a monarch like Belshazzar is not at all strange. The reference to Nebuchadnezzar as the father of Belshazzar, as previously indicated, should probably be either grandfather or greatgrandfather as the same term would be used for any of these designations. Norman Porteous, for instance, writes, On the other hand it is known that Belshazzar was a historical person, the son of the last Babylonian king Nabonidus, who acted as regent of Babylon for several years before its fall, while his father was absent at the oasis of Teima in Arabia.252 This would begin Belshazzars regency about 553 B.C., when Nabonidus went to Teima. Belshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine, commanded to bring the golden and silver vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple which was in Jerusalem; that the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, might drink therein. The implication in the clause whiles he tasted the wine is that Belshazzar in his right mind probably would not have committed this sacrilegious act. Because he could hardly proclaim himself as king while his father was still alive, Belshazzar proclaimed Nabonidus as king. He died about 561 and was succeeded by his son Awil-Marduk (Evil-Merodach of 2 Kings). This, however, is conjecture; and probably it is more natural to consider Belshazzar a son of Nabonidus himself. Prepare the table, watch in the watchtower, eat, drink: arise, ye princes, and anoint the shield (Is 21:4-5). It would have been quite improper for the entire company to keep on talking, especially in these dramatic circumstances, when Daniel was reporting to the king. 208-14. How old was Daniel when Belshazzar was king? Daniel 5:30 That very night Belshazzar king of the Chaldeans was slain, Although such ancient records are notoriously inaccurate and at best are fragmentary, the argument of the critics was that Belshazzar never existed because his name did not appear in any of the ancient records. Those critical of the authenticity and accuracy of Daniel, especially those zealous to prove second-century authorship, proceed on the premise that Daniel must be in error until he is proved otherwise. The long chapter devoted to this incident which brought the Babylonian Empire to its close is undoubtedly recorded in the Word of God not only for its historic fulfillment of the prophecies relative to the Babylonian Empire but also as an illustration of divine dealing with a wicked world. 11 or 12) 539 B.C., as indicated in the Nabonidus Chronicle,288 so the world will be overtaken by disaster when the day of the Lord comes (1 Th 5:1-3). 5:17-23 Then Daniel answered and said before the king, Let thy gifts be to thyself, and give thy rewards to another; yet I will read the writing unto the king, and make known to him the interpretation. TEQEL means weighed, with the thought that Belshazzar has been put into the balances and found wanting, that is, short of true weight. Instead, in verse 18 he recognizes him as king but then immediately delivers his prophetic message of condemnation. As Keil points out, the king was ready to listen to anyone who could interpret the writing.269. 5:13-16 Then was Daniel brought in before the king. [58], The Midrash literature enters into the details of Belshazzar's death. Having been interpreted to mean divided, it is also understood as a reference to the Aramaic word for Persian, thereby hinting a Persian victory over Babylon. Daniel 5:1-25 ERV. According to Rex A. Turner, in his book "Daniel . So great was his genius that Nebuchadnezzar had made him master or chief of his wise men, which in itself was a remarkable position for one who was not a Chaldean; and this honor placed upon him testified to the confidence of Nebuchadnezzar in Daniels abilities. . Daniel read the writing and Belshazzar made him the third ruler in the kingdom. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. How old was Belshazzar when Nebuchadnezzar died? In the Book of Daniel in the Hebrew Bible, Belshazzar is referred to as Nebuchadnezzar's (grand)son. On the other hand, Cyrus found himself in difficulty, since much time had elapsed, and his affairs were not at all advanced. Now, in chapter 5, this prophecy is about to be fulfilled. After his grandfather Nebuchadnezzar died, his uncle had reigned for two years, only to be murdered by a brother-in-law. It was hard for the Babylonians to believe that even the Medes and the Persians who had surrounded their beloved city could possibly breach the fortifications or exhaust their supplies which were intended to be ample for a siege of many years. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Much has been made of the reference of Belshazzars relationship to Nebuchadnezzar, who is described as his father in verse 2; and even Keil is influenced by this to consider Belshazzar a literal son of Nebuchadnezzar.261 This is not entirely impossible, of course, for as Leupold shows,262 Nabonidus could have married a widow of Nebuchadnezzar who had a son by Nebuchadnezzar who then could be adopted by Nabonidus by way of strengthening his own hold upon the throne. 5. Belshazzar's Feast And The Fall Of Babylon | Bible.org Daniel 3:13-15, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego continue to refuse to worship Nebuchadnezzars golden statue. Are Belshazzar and Nebuchadnezzar the same? - Kembrel.com Belshazzar's feast: analysis. The text is definitely from the sixth century B.C. Keil and Leupold both consider her to be a wife of Nebuchadnezzar and the mother of Belshazzar.273 As the wives of the lords and the king himself had earlier been declared to be at the banquet (v. 3) one who had the role of queen would most probably be Belshazzars mother. Verse 1 of chapter 5 introduces the fact that Belshazzar as king of Babylon had made a great feast to which a thousand of his lords had been invited with their wives. And Darius the Mede received the kingdom, being about sixty-two years old. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [6] This is typical of the "tale of court contest" in which historical accuracy is not an essential element. [49] The last tablet dated to Nabonidus's reign is from Uruk and is dated to 13 October, which is considered the end date of his reign. As one holding her position was normally highly regarded and treated with respect, she could speak out in a way that no other could do. Then Belshazzar gave the command, and Daniel was clothed in purple, a chain of gold was put around his neck, and a proclamation was made concerning him that he should rank third in the kingdom. Midway in the long wall opposite the entrance there was a niche in front of which the king may well have been seated. He was followed by King Belshazzar who ascended the throne in 3387 (374 BCE). However, the narration here must be considered in the form of a condensation; and probably Daniel addressed the king in a formal way. 9:41, cited by C. F. Keil, Biblical Commentary on the Book of Daniel, p. 164. He promises both to read and to make known the interpretation. 266 Herodotus, History of the Persian Wars, 1:178-83. Ezra 6:14-18. Finally, the tidings come, Babylon is fallen, is fallen; and all the graven images of her gods he hath broken unto the ground (Is 21:9). Was Nebuchadnezzar a believer? The chronology of the three Babylonian kings is given in the Talmud as follows: Nebuchadnezzar reigned forty-five years, Evil-merodach twenty-three, and Belshazzar was monarch of Babylonia for two years, being killed at the beginning of the third year on the fatal night of the fall of Babylon (Meg. He was selected for special service in Babylon, and was given three years of training in the best of Babylon's schools. According to Daniel, his countenance changed, that is, changed color and became pale. Belshazzar, Neo-Babylonian Bel-shar-usur, Greek Baltasar, or Balthasar, (died c. 539 bc), coregent of Babylon who was killed at the capture of the city by the Persians. Suiting the action to the word, Cyrus and Darius grasped a heavy ornament forming part of a candelabrum, and with it shattered the skull of their royal master (Shir ha-Shirim Rabbah 3:4).[58]. Who succeeded Belshazzar as king of Babylon? It is clear that the New Year's festival was not celebrated, and that there was concern regarding the rising power of the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great. As soon as a suitable number of the wise men had assembled, the king addressed them offering the reward that, if one of them could read the writing and show the interpretation, he would be clothed with scarlet and have a chain of gold about his neck and become third ruler in the kingdom. The next four years Neriglisar occupied the throne. There was, however, nothing insolent or discourteous in Daniels address to the king; and the charges were stated in a factual and objective way. This would involve the premise that Nabonidus, although usually living at Teima, had returned to Babylon for a visit just prior to the siege of Babylon, had gone out to battle before Babylon was actually surrounded, and then was defeated, thereby permitting the Persians to besiege Babylon itself. Belshazzar is not mentioned in building inscriptions, which usually mention the king responsible. The outer wall seems to have been only seventeen miles in circumference, instead of about fifty-six as Herodotus claimed, with much fewer towers and gates; and probably even the towers were not more than 100 feet tall. Belshazzar goes on in verse 14 to repeat what his mother had said concerning Daniels wisdom. 258 M. E. L. Mallowan, Nimrud, in Archaeology and Old Testament Study, p. 62. The Babylonian chronicles describe the actions and conquests of Cyrus in detail throughout Belshazzar's regency. Was Belshazzar actually king of Babylon and was he murdered on the night that Babylon was conquered? The Bible refers to him as his son ( Daniel 5:2 ), but really the original language seems to hint they're family, or. It does imply, however, that Belshazzar was in descent from Nebuchadnezzar.
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