These SRs contained 270 primary studies, 225 of which were unique and 45 were included in more than one SR. National Association of School Nurses. Citation: Levinson J, Kohl K, Baltag V, Ross DA (2019) Investigating the effectiveness of school health services delivered by a health provider: A systematic review of systematic reviews. This was never required as consensus was always reached. In addition, school-age childrenand adolescents have positive physical, sexual,psychosocial and neurocognitive health anddevelopment needs as they progress from childhoodto adulthood. Table 2 presents the remaining three of the four items of Ballard and Montgomerys checklist for overviews of reviews: (2) levels of confidence in results for each included SR, (3) publication year, and (4) match in scope to the overview. This means they may be reviewed by teachers and other school ocials who have a legitimate educational interest in the information. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. You may know to keep a file of those records. How often do assessment questions get updated?All three school health assessments are reviewed regularly by each organization and by national expert panels. However, it should be noted that these SRs found mixed evidence of maintenance of effects over time [28,32,34,39]. I am Tim Stephens. Access to education and safe and supportive schoolenvironments have been linked to better healthoutcomes. The Healthy School Report Card is already aligned with the schools improvement process. The data was too heterogeneous to meta-analyze, and the authors determined that the certainty of the evidence of the benefit of dental screening in increasing dental attendance was very low [18]. CDC twenty four seven. Amongthose approaches, pairing children with healthservices occupies an important place. Electronic health records: An essential tool in keeping students healthy (Position Statement). Funding issues. Web Annex B. McDonald and Drey narratively assessed group-based art therapy as an intervention for children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD), moderate to severe behavior problems, or learning disorders [33]. Kavanagh and colleagues examined depression and anxiety group counseling programs based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and found statistically significant reductions of depressive symptoms at both four weeks and three months follow-up [24,39]. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. School health services staff can help all students with preventive care such as flu shots and vision and hearing screening, as well as acute and emergency care. Body and Mind Classroom Resources for Teachers, Unit 6: Mental Health, Child Development, & Hygiene, Unit 7: Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Depending on the content and approach of the school health assessment, there might be ways to use data gathered from any of these tools to create a generalized view of school health systems, programs, and services in a state, district, school, or community. Quality appraisal of primary studies within included systematic reviews. Only one quasi-experimental study from the United States in 1999 was included in the SR. Additionally, a recent review found that school-based or school-linked health services already exist in at least 102 countries [9]. In emergencies, school officials can provide information from education records to protect the health or safety of the student or others. Chung and colleagues systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed universal sleep education programs as compared to no additional sleep intervention from Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, and Hong Kong (Table 3G) [20]. Copyright: 2019 Levinson et al. Can these assessments be used for data in school improvement planning processes at the state or local level?Yes. S7 Appendix gives the PRISMA checklist that was used. The study assessed a group counseling intervention and found no statistically significant effects on the prevalence of anxiety, self-esteem, internalizing behavior or externalizing behavior [29]. To convey to the teacher the results of the examination in such terms as to be useful to her in guiding the physical and mental growth of her . The sixth study assessed a 4-day program in Brazil. The SRs were written in English and published between 2006 and 2018. WHO has long recognized the link between healthand education and the potential for schools to playa central role in safeguarding student health andwell-being. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. Primary studies included within the SRs were published between 1967 and 2017. This overview measured overlap using the corrected covered area (CCA) [16] and did not exclude overlapping studies. Schools are essential for young people to acquireknowledge, socioemotional skills including selfregulationand resilience, and critical thinking skillsthat provide the foundation for a healthy future. unclear if a health provider was involved), followed by if less than 50% of studies within a SR fulfilled all inclusion criteria. However, domestic legislation fails to define health records as a legally important collection of health data and documents. The 2017 Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!) The search strategy was developed for PubMed and then adapted for the other four databases. What should I do if I am participating in a program that requires one assessment and the state requires a different one?You can request help from the three organizations listed in this document. SRs addressed various intervention types: universal interventions [19,24,28,32,34,39]; targeted interventions for military-connected children [29], children and adolescents at risk for depression and/or anxiety [28,34], refugee and war-traumatized youth [36], and children referred to therapy [33]; and indicated interventions for children and/or adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder [23], depression [24,28,39], or anxiety [24,34,39]. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global School Health Initiative in 1995 with the goal to improve child, adolescent and community health through health promotion and programming in schools [1]. This initiative is dedicated to promoting development of school health programs and increasing the number of health-promoting schools, characterized by WHO as a school constantly strengthening its capacity as a healthy setting for living, learning and working [1]. A protocol was developed a priori that outlined the overview objectives, aims, operational definitions, search strategy, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and quality appraisal methods. This SR did not discuss the quality or risk of bias of included studies [35]. If consensus was not possible during title/abstract or full text screening, a third reviewer (DR), who had the casting vote, would have been asked to independently screen the article. Quality appraisal of primary studies. School nurses also maintain health records on students who fall outside the typical health care provider systems and whose only source of care may be the school nurse. Kid Kohl, School records include books, documents, diskettes and files that contain information on what goes on in school as well as other relevant information pertaining to the growth and development of the school. Meaningful use (MU) of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is an important development in the safety and security of health care delivery in the United States. Table F. Answers to AMSTAR 2 checklist questions 116. Citations identified from the systematic search were uploaded to Covidence systematic review software [12] and duplicates were automatically deleted. Now, as both schools and health care systems seek to ensure that children coping with chronic conditions such as diabetes and asthma get the comprehensive, coordinated care the students need, the schools and health systems are forming partnerships to better integrate their services. A school health assessment is a systematic collection, review, and analysis of information about school health-related policies and programs for the purpose of improving students' health and educational outcomes. This document replaces the School Nurse Role in Electronic School Health Records (January 2014). Similarly, some states require portions of the Healthy School Report Card to be completed. The details of the quality appraisal of primary studies included in the SRs are given in Table B in S4 Appendix. Only three SRs [18,21,25] were scored as having moderate levels of confidence and just one [30] was given a high level of confidence. Qualified professionals such as school nurses, nurse practitioners, dentists, health educators, physicians, physician assistants, and allied health personnel provide these services. Schroeder and colleagues found that school nurses are well positioned to deliver nutritional counseling, design and coordinate physical activity interventions, and educate parents, students, and staff on health, nutrition, and fitness [26]. A meta-analysis of two studies on sanitary pad provision found a moderate but statistically non-significant effect on school attendance. Mostly favorable evidence of effectiveness was found in a SR of social-emotional interventions for refugee and war-traumatized youth from 26 countries [36]. Academic performance records, such as grades and report cards, provide insight about. The authors found improvements in classroom behavior, symptoms of ODD, and symptoms of SAD [33]. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Risk of bias within primary studies was recorded in Table B in S4 Appendix. e0212603. This structure can help schools avoid duplication, refine purpose, and coordinate various initiatives across the whole school. Eleven SRs included studies located in countries with high-income or upper-middle income economies only [19,20,2325,2933,37,38,39]. Another important gap that this overview reveals is a lack of research on interventions carried out in LMIC and low-income countries (LIC). The guidance confirms that disclosures of student educational records (including certain health records) are only permitted by FERPA with the prior written consent of an eligible student or the student's parent/legal guardian (non-eligible student) or if one of the permissive exceptions to the general consent requirement applies. (2019). In turn, good health is linked to reduceddrop-out rates and greater educational attainment,educational performance, employment andproductivity. The school nurse will be an integral member of a child's larger healthcare team, assuring implementation of the plan of care and providing timely information from the school health record about student response to care. Data Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files. Record and track your progress toward your health goals, such as lowering your cholesterol level. They found statistically significant improvements in self-reported measures of anxiety for participants who completed the program as compared to those in the control group [32]. A health book contains the names of students/Pupils who brings complains to the clinic, . Electronic health records: An essential tool in keeping students healthy (Position Statement). However, the leading causes of death and disability beyond self-harm and depressive disorders are currently not addressed.
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