Any interpretation that fails to give these matters due consideration does violence to the Scriptures. Situating the Prophets in Israel's History Timeline of the Prophets Related Content Donate Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited other than the following: You may print or download to a local hard disk extracts for your personal use only. 3 0 obj Isaiah was a prophet of the southern kingdom, living in a critical period of his nation. True and whole-hearted worship ushers in peace and blessing from the land. Had Israel measured up to the noble ideal, all of the promises contingent upon obedience would long since have been fulfilled. Span includes the period of co-regency (if any). Predictions of national disgrace, rejection, and woe that were to result from apostasy would never have been realized. This prophecy must have been pronounced either before Jeroboam came to the throne (approximately 793 B.C.) Scholars differ widely in their views concerning the time of Joels ministry. See Deuteronomy 7:13; 28:2-8; Malachi 3:8-11. (chapter 5:14), after which he was recalled to Persia. *The prophets are listed according to their order in the Scriptures. The prophets did not always clearly understand messages they themselves had borne pointing forward to the distant future, to the coming of the Messiah (1 Peter 1:10, 11). In one way or another each of these attempts at interpreting the messages of the Old Testament prophets neglects significant teachings of Scripture, evades fundamental principles of exegesis, and provides a distorted picture of the predictive sections of prophecy. Not all the prophets were anti-establishment, however. <> I will call them my people, which were not my people (Romans 9:25, 26). All the visions of Daniel recorded in chapters 7-12 were received during the last years of his life, the first one (chapter 7) in Belshazzars 1st year (552 or possibly later), and the last one (chapters 10-12) in the 3rd year of Cyrus, 536/35 B.C. To the very last, Christ would have averted the doom of the Jewish nation if the people had received Him. Moses their great leader warned the people of Israel not to disobey the LORD or else: The following discussion sets forth the principles of interpretation described under 5, and followed by this commentary, together with the scriptural basis on which these principles rest. God entered into solemn covenant relationship with him (Genesis 15:18; 17:2-7), and his posterity, Israel, inherited the sacred trust of being Gods chosen representatives on earth (Hebrews 11:9) for the salvation of the entire human race. But because of apostasy it was the predictions of national honor and glory that could not be fulfilled. God designed that Israels experience should prove to be a warning to Judah (see Hosea 1:7; 4:15-17; 11:12; Jeremiah 3:3-12; etc.). Those who think that chapter 52 was added as an inspired postscript by Jeremiahs secretary or one of his disciples, believe that he died some 20 years earlier, about 580 B.C. Nehemiah 13:23-27). The glory that distinguished the early part of the reign of Solomon was due in part to his own faithfulness during that time, and in part to the fact that his father David had seemed to appreciate fully Israels exalted privileges and responsibilities (see Psalms 51:10, 11; Isaiah 55:3; cf. His call came to him sometime in October/November, 520 B.C., in the same year as Haggais first appearance (chapter 1:1). For these reasons the 7th-century date for Joel has been adopted in this commentary, although there is no conclusive proof that this choice is correct. *This is the traditional date for Joel, but the date is uncertain and suggestions range from the ninth to the. 'P9(3,A0-JF .h The ministry of Amos may therefore have fallen in the years 767-753 B.C. Below is a list of the prophets with dates, kings and historical events regarding Israel and her prophets. In their meticulous attention to the letter of the law they lost sight of its spirit. Used by permission. This count was 48 male and 7 female Prophets.. Of course, there is much debate about who is included in the list. Earlier commentators attempted to equate the two men, because of the use of similar expressions in their utterances (Micah 1:2; cf. In fact, this procedure is responsible more than anything else for the fanciful interpretations that distinguish the teachings of certain religious groups. Indeed, this secondary application is for us today the more significant. The life of Christ is a perfect example of the character of God would have His people develop (see on Luke 2:52). The fickle, human will is the weak, unstable factor in conditional prophecy. This ties together all the other material: consult the separate tables Gods word is sure (Isaiah 40:8; 55:11; Romans 11:29), and His plan for the salvation of man will ultimately prevail (Isaiah 46:10). Prophecies of the former classification cannot now be fulfilled because they were strictly conditional in nature and limited in scope, by their very nature, to literal Israel. With the crucifixion of Christ they forever forfeited their special position as Gods chosen people. Some of these prophets only have their words recorded in Kings or Chronicles, while others have their words recorded elsewhere in the Bible (usually the book name is the prophets name). In the lives of Gods people the truths of His word are to reveal their glory and excellence. 536BC-516BC - Temple rebuilt by Zerubbabel | Bibleview The postexilic view.The absence of any reference to a king of Judah or to Assyria or Babylon, the reference to the hostility of Tyre and Sidon, and the mention of Greeks have been taken by some commentators as evidence for a postexilic date for Joel. In the 5th year of Jehoiachins captivity, 593/92, Ezekiel had his first vision by the river Chebar, a canal near the famous city of Nippur in lower Babylonia (chapter 1:1-3). Chronology of the Prophets in the Old Testament ), success must and will comethrough Israel after the spirit. seem to refer to those recorded in 2 Kings 8:20-22 and 2 Chronicles 21:8-10, 16, while nothing points to the troubles caused by Hazael, as narrated in 2 Kings 12:17, 18 and 2 Chronicles 24:23, 24, it has been concluded that Joel gave his messages during the time lying between these two events. See also Jewish history which includes links to individual country histories. Accordingly, the book can probably be dated about 425 B.C. Daniel 2:35). In Jewish tradition it is believed that the period of prophecy, called Nevuah, ended with Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi at which time the "Shechinahdeparted from Israel". For these reasons Daniels extended prophetic ministry can be dated approximately from 603 to 535 B.C. After the great final call to the world to acknowledge the true God, those who persisted in refusing allegiance to Him would unite together with the evil thought of laying siege to the city of Jerusalem and taking it by force of arms, in order to appropriate to themselves the material advantages with which God had blessed His people (Ezekiel 38:8-12; Jeremiah 25:32; Joel 3:1, 12; Zechariah 12:2-9; 14:2; cf. Thereafter, God let out his vineyard [see Isaiah 5:1-7] unto other husbandmen who would render him the fruits in their seasons (see on Matthew 21:41). Then came a pause in his activity of almost two years, at the end of which Zechariah received another divine message, on December 6, 518 (chapter 7:1), recorded in chapters 7 and 8. Since the hostile acts of the heathen peoples committed against Judah (chapter 3:4 ff.) Past, present, future: The nation of Israel has a timeline that was initiated when God called out Abraham to make a people for Himself. The prophets vivid description of the catastrophe that had befallen Thebes leaves the impression that the event was still fresh in the memory of the people, whereas Assyrias power, although waning, was not yet near its end. It ignores the plain statements of the Old Testament that Gods promises to Israel were all conditional. Again and again He had warned His people that captivity would be the result of disobedience (see Deuteronomy 4:9; 8:9; 28:1, 2, 14, 18; Jeremiah 18:7-10; 26:2-16; Zechariah 6:15; etc.). Obedience to the law of God would make them marvels of prosperity before the nations of the world, living witnesses to the greatness and majesty of God (Deuteronomy 8:17, 18; 28:11-13). Captivity, he said, had confirmed the curse that came because of disobedience (verses 11, 12) and Jerusalem lay desolate (verses 16-19). Click to enable/disable _gid - Google Analytics Cookie. For two of them (Joel and Obadiah), however, no conclusive evidence as to the time of their work exists, and scholars differ widely in their views concerning this matter. ;vx(>_w$ [U-hFzy\v?>}_|z|wxuzv/jO]vNNrz'_=}2 @/^? Note that blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience on our websites and the services we are able to offer. Yet in mercy, God still bore with His people, and in due time Messiah came (Malachi 3:1-3). The short book of Obadiah, consisting of only 21 verses, is not dated and its chronological setting is uncertain. It was to be the result of wholehearted cooperation with the will of God as revealed through the prophets, and of divine blessing added to human efforts. A|D.X#. Not only is Malachi last in the sequential order of the prophets; it is also the last prophetic book produced in pre-Christian times. Updated: Chart of Israels and Judahs Kings and Prophets, Sign up to receive in your inbox a free daily reading of the Old & New Testament from Bible Gateway, Chart of Israels and Judahs Kings and Prophets, Reading and Understanding the Bible: An Interview with Ben Witherington III, The Cities That Built the Bible: Guest Post by Robert Cargill, The Bible in Graphic Novel Form: An Interview with Art Ayris. John 4:23, 24; 2 Tim. Godlinessgodlikenessis the goal to be reached. Copyright 2008 - http://www.BibleChronologyTimeline.com. The present-day return of the Jews to Palestine and the establishment of the modern state of Israel do not imply reinstatement as Gods people, present or future. The church in this generation has been endowed by God with great privileges and blessings, and He expects corresponding returns. While it is thus known that he began his work in 520 and continued until 518 B.C., the end of his prophetic ministry must be left open. by means of a broken line. With Him there is no variableness, neither shadow of turning (James 1:17). The plan itself never changes because God never changes. Israel's Kings & Prophets | Craig T. Owens Numbers 14:26-34. together with the dates and lengths of the reigns, and the prophets Daniel was taken to Babylon in 605 B.C., during the accession year of Nebuchadnezzar (see on chapter 1:1). Hence, the year 603 can be considered as the beginning of Daniel . Filed under Bible, Bible Reference, History, Infographics, Literacy, Old Testament. They were written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the world are come (1 Corinthians 10:11). The people might approach God personally and through the ministry of a mediating priesthood, their representatives before Him; He would direct the nation through the ministry of prophets, His appointed representatives to them. We should never forget that whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for the learning of future generations to the end of time, to inspire patience, comfort, and hope (Romans 15:4). The voice of God through the prophets distinctly speaks to us today. Timeline: Prophets in the Reigns on Kings of Judah and Israel This tabular displays and reigns of either of to Kings of Judah and Israel, together with the daten and lengths of the ruler, and the prophets who where active at that time. Any nation and kingdom that would not serve Israel was to perish chapter (60:12). Skill in agriculture and animal husbandry. Cooperation with the natural laws of body and mind would result in ever-increasing mental strength, and the people of Israel would be blessed with vigor of intellect, keen discrimination, and sound judgment. Human traditions came to be honored in place of the revealed will of God (see on Mark 7:6-9). **All dates are approximate time periods of each prophets ministry. However, he is again found playing a role on the night of Babylons fall, as interpreter of the mysterious handwriting on the wall (chapter 5). The Hebrew people were to acquire wisdom and skill in all cunning work, that is, a high degree of inventive genius and ability as artisans, for the manufacture of all kinds of utensils and mechanical devices. The late date is taken here, without prejudice toward an early one. Chart of Israel's Kings and Prophets The Assyrian capital city of Nineveh was captured and destroyed by the combined forces of Media and Babylonia in 612 B.C., which is, accordingly, the latest possible date for Nahum. Discover what the message meant to the people of that time. The older generation place him in the 9th century B.C., whereas most commentators are now inclined to assign him either to the time of King Josiah or to the postexilic period. Moses their great leader warned the people of Israel not to disobey the LORD or else: Deuteronomy 28:49-50 - "The LORD will bring a nation against you from far, from the end of the earth, as the eagle flies; a nation whose language you will not understand; a nation of fierce facial expressions, that doesn't respect the elderly, nor show favor to the young.". You are free to share (to copy, distribute and transmit the work), and remix (to adapt the work) for non-commercial use only, under the condition that you must attribute the work to the Theology of Work Project, Inc., but not in any way that suggests that it endorses you or your use of the work. Literal Jews may still find salvation by being grafted into spiritual Israel, in precisely the same way that Gentiles are to be grafted in (verses 23, 24). Now it is spiritual Israel, in the past not a people but now the people of God, that are to shew forth the praises of the One who has called them out of darkness into his marvellous light (1 Peter 2:9, 10). Interactive Timeline of the Kings & Prophets Interactive Timeline of the Kings & Prophets Psalm11918.org Our recent studies of the writings of the prophets have brought our attention to the era of the kings of Israel and Judah. From generation to generation these holy men of God (2 Peter 1:21) called Israel to repentance and righteousness and kept alive the Messianic hope. The kingdom was overturned (Ezekiel 21:25-32) and the people removed from the land, which had been theirs only by virtue of the covenant relationship (Hosea 9:3, 15, Micah 2:10; cf. Then Gabriel came to reassure him of the restoration of his people and the eventual coming of the Messiah (verses 24, 25). Hosea. They forfeited Gods blessing because of failure to fulfill His purpose in making them His chosen people, and thus brought ruin upon themselves. They voluntarily accepted God as their sovereign, and this constituted the nation a theocracy. An table see shows where in time the prophets fit within the northern kingdom of Israel both the southern kingdom of Judah. This chart shows only those events that are mentioned in the Bible and that are of importance to an understanding of the prophetic messages. Click on the difference category captions to meet out more. Changes will take effect once you reload the page. Owing to the failure of the Jews as Gods chosen people, many of the prophecies of the Old Testament, such as those affirming the worldwide mission of Israel and the ingathering of the Gentiles (see Genesis 12:3; Deuteronomy 4:6-8; Isaiah 2:2-5; 42:6; 49:6; 52:10; 56:6, 7; 60:1-3; 61:9; 62:2; Zechariah 2:11; 8:22, 23; etc. "yonah" (dove) Sent to warn the inhabitants of Ninevah (Capital of Assyria) of God's Judgement. All that had been promised might yet come to pass if they would only love and serve Him (Zechariah 6:15; cf. Prophet to Judah Prophet to Israel Joel* *This is the traditional date for Joel, but the date is uncertain and suggestions range from the ninth to the fourth century. prophecies of Elijah, Micaiah, and Elisha. At Mt. Di Lella, "Daniel" in, Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Hebrew_prophets&oldid=1082234151, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 April 2022, at 01:53. Deuteronomy 18 - "And if you say in your heart, 'How shall we know the word which the LORD has not spoken?' All rights reserved. 2010 by the Theology of Work Project, Inc. The kings of Assyria, Babylonia, and Persia, whose dates for this period are well established, are shown in a separate column. He belonged to a family of priests whose home town was Anathoth. The accompanying chart enables the reader to study these prophets in their historical setting. List Of Bible Prophets In Chronological Order Before the Israelites entered the Promised Land, God warned them not to forget that the blessings they were to enjoy there if they cooperated with Him would come as divine gifts (see Deuteronomy 8:7-14), not primarily as the result of their own wisdom and skill (verses 17-19). The close of his ministry is tentatively set by some scholars at 510. Gods promises are made conditional upon mans cooperation and obedience. Jonah **Uzziah is alive until 740, King of Israel Jeroboam II (793-753) Important Dates 760 750 740 (767-740**) but 750. The gates of Jerusalem would be open continually to receive the wealth contributed to Israel for the conversion of still other nations and peoples (Isaiah 60:1-11, RSV; Psalms 72:10; Isaiah 45:14; Haggai 2:7, RSV). A comparison between some of his prophecies and those of Amos indicates that Hosea was a younger contemporary of Amos (cf. Even during the Captivity, and later under foreign tutelage, Israel remained a theocracy in theory if not fully in practice. Having declined, thus, to surrender themselves to God as His agents for the salvation of the human race, the Jews, as a nation, became agents of Satan for the destruction of the race. Picture Study Bible - StudyBible with Pictures and Maps. Hence, the year 603 can be considered as the beginning of Daniels ministry as a prophet. Isaiah | Biography, Prophet, Theology, & Facts | Britannica But to go beyond that which is clearly set forth by Inspirationin the immediate context of the passage concerned, in the New Testament, or in the Spirit of prophecyis to substitute personal opinion for a plain Thus saith the Lord. Where Inspiration has not thus clearly spoken it is our privilege to compare scripture with scripture in an endeavor to understand more perfectly the mind of the Spirit. Hence the year 571/70 must not be considered as necessarily marking the end of his ministry. They were doing no positive good; therefore they were doing incalculable harm, and their influence became a savor of death. He has a controversy with them because they have rebelled against His authority (Jeremiah 25:31-33), and He will judge (Joel 3:9-17) and destroy them there (Isaiah 34:1-8; 63:1-6; 66:15-18). Jesus confirmed all of the events mentioned in the Old Testament (Luke 11:49-51). God provided Israel with every facility for becoming the greatest nation on the earth. Minor Prophets: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi. He is commemorated by Christians on July 20 and is recognized as a prophet in Islam. Hosea 2:6-13). Although the Hebrew term naar, youth, or child, by which the prophet designates himself verse (6), does not give an indication of Jeremiahs exact age at the time of his call, the context of the passage in which this word appears seems to favor the interpretation that he was still very young, perhaps less than twenty. This is a timeline of the development of prophecy among the Jews in Judaism. Large Map of the Roman Empire in the Early First Century - Click around on the Places. Accordingly, what He purposed to do for the world through Israel of old He will finally accomplish through His church on earth today, and many of the promises originally made to literal Israel will be fulfilled to His remnant people at the close of time. (r!W6 l3uY8&"|flz;44~6. Pride obscured their vision [see Luke 19:42]. Copyright 2022 - UnderstandChristianity.com. Any idea that the return of the Jews to their ancestral home, that is, to the new state of Israel, may in any way be related to Bible prophecy is without valid scriptural foundation. 19:21; Isaiah 46:10; Acts 5:39; Hebrews 6:17; etc. If chapter 52, a historical appendix, was written by the prophet, he must have lived until 561, when Jehoiachin was released from prison by King Evil-Merodach of Babylon (see chapter 52:31). It was probably at this time, when Daniel was nearly 90 years of age, that he was commanded to conclude his book and seal it up (chapter 12:4, 13). Matthew 19:16, 17; 22:36-40). Timeline: Prophets in the Reigns on Kings of Judah and Israel List of Major and Minor Prophets of the Old Testament Israels unwillingness to submit to the restrictions and requirements of God, prevented them, to a great extent, from reaching the high standard He desired them to attain, and from receiving the blessings He was ready to bestow upon them. Jeremiah 12:14-16). Gods call to the nations would have been, Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth (Isaiah 45:22). As individuals and as a nation God proposed to furnish the people of Israel with every facility for becoming the greatest nation on the earth (see Deuteronomy 4:6-8; 7:6, 14; 28:1; Jeremiah 33:9; Malachi 3:12). Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires. prophecy of Jonah[1] during the time of Babylonian captivity, though dating of the book ranges from the 6th to the late 3rd century BC. The covenant with literal Israel proved faulty, not because God failed to carry out His part of the covenant, but rather because Israels fair promises proved evanescent as the morning dew (Hosea 6:4; 13:3; Hebrews 8:6, 7). Chart of Israel's Kings and Prophets NOTES: Dates in {brackets} indicate a period of co-regency with the prior king (s). This concept of the role of Israel is reiterated again and again throughout the Old Testament. Malachi 3:12), and their God the only true God (Isaiah 45:14). Blog / Updated: Chart of Israel's and Judah's Kings and Prophets They were to show forth His praise (chapter 43:21), to declare His glory among the heathen (chapter 66:19), to be a light to the Gentiles (chapters 49:6; 42:6, 7). The prophet Ezekiel, a priest, was one of the 10,000 Jews taken into exile by Nebuchadnezzar in 597 B.C., when King Jehoiachin was carried to Babylon. Bible Chronology Timeline - Chronology Of The Old Testament Prophets The day, before, He had called it my house (chapter 21:13), but henceforth He no longer owned it as His. Prophecies that fall into the latter classification are to be fulfilled in principle but not necessarily in every detail, owing to the fact that many details of prophecy were concerned with Israel as a literal nation situated in the land of Palestine. What makes it challenging when reading straight through the Bible [in chronological order] is that the history is covered in 1 and 2 Kings and then again in 1 and 2 Chronicles. In spite of Israels ultimate failure, a limited knowledge of the true God and of the Messianic hope was widespread when the Saviour was born (see on Matthew 2:1). National greatness. It is impossible to date the devastating plague of locusts that the prophet so vividly describes and compares with the terrors of the coming day of judgment. As he was escaping on a ship bound for Tarshish a great storm arose. All rights reserved. This site uses cookies. Since no conclusive evidence for any of these three views exists, all are presented here: 1. Though the prophet looked at events about him, he also could see far beyond his own day. ). You can check these in your browser security settings. Judah was conquered by Babylon in 586 BC and returned to the land after 70-year captivity. The Prophets - Life, Hope & Truth That which God purposed to do for the world through Israel, the chosen nation, He will finally accomplish through His church on earth to-day. Mark 7:9). He states that he ministered under King Josiah (chapter 1:1), who reigned from 640 to 609 B.C. Timeline: Prophets in the Reigns of Kings of Judah and Israel Had Jerusalem known what it was her privilege to know, and heeded the light that Heaven sent her, she would have stood forth in magnificent prosperity, the queen of kingdoms, the mighty metropolis of the earth, and would, like a noble vine, have filled the face of the world with fruit (Isaiah 27:6). The sons of the stranger [or Gentile, 1 Kings 8:41; see on Exodus 12:19, 43] would join themselves to the Lord, to serve him, and to love the name of the Lord (Isaiah 56:6; Zechariah 2:11). 4:14; Colossians 2:2-4, 8; 2 Peter 1:16; Revelation 22:18). All dates are given according to the Common Era, not the Hebrew calendar. The state was still to be administered in the name, and by the authority, of God. Josiah was also still a young king, having reached the age of but 21 years at that time. He had told them that He would progressively diminish their strength and honor as a nation until they should all be carried away into captivity (Deuteronomy 28:15-68; 2 Chronicles 36:16, 17). Elijah | Biography, Name, Meaning, Story, & Elisha | Britannica 7. %PDF-1.5 Amir Tsarfati: Israel's Prophetic Timeline. The modernist school of interpretation denies the predictive element in prophecy altogether, arguing either that the predictions were written down after the events thus foretold took place or that such predictions reflected nothing more than the prophets hopes for the future, or those of his people. Bible Commentary / Produced by TOW Project, 10 Key Points About Work in the Bible Every Christian Should Know, Beyond Rank and Power: What Philemon Tells Us About Leadership, Learning From the Psalms How to Pray Through Your Work, Situating the Prophets in Israels History, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. In an age when every wind of doctrine is blowing it is well to make certain that our understanding of Bible prophecy rests upon a positive Thus saith the Lord (see Deuteronomy 29:29; Isaiah 50:11; Jeremiah 2:13; Matthew 7:24-28; 1 Corinthians 2:4, 5, 12, 13; Eph. He will listen to the prophet speaking to Israel of old and endeavor to understand what his words meant to the people who originally heard them. God may reject one nation or group of people in favor of another if those first summoned persistently refuse to cooperate with Him (see Jeremiah 18:6-10; cf. The futurist school of interpretation contends that the many promises of restoration and world leadership made to ancient Israel are yet to be fulfilled in connection with the establishment of the modern state of Israel in Palestine.
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